Transcript 4.02 Plant Propagation

4.02 Methods of Plant
Propagation
Sexually and Asexually
propagating plants
Plant Propagation
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Sexual Propagation
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starting plants from seeds
Germination rate
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% that sprouts 75 of 100 = 75%.
Rates are affected by temperature and
moisture
Rates vary depending on plant and
quality (viability) of seed
Sexual Propagation
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Seed viability is the seed’s capability of
growing or developing
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Seed viability is affected by
temperature and moisture
Sexual Propagation
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Plant seeds based on size of
seeds
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Plant seeds no more than 1.5 times
the diameter of the seed
 Larger
seeds are planted deeper
 Smaller seeds are planted shallow
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Ex. Petunia seeds are TINY
Water small seeds by bottom
soaking to prevent burying them
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Sexual Propagation
Seedlings
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The first sets of leaves are called
cotyledons
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small plants
Monocots produce one seed leaf
Dicots produce two seed leaves
True leaves are the second set of leaves
Sexual Propagation
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Transplant seedlings when the first true
leaves appear
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Before planting in the outdoor
environment, reduce humidity and
water and make environment more like
outside to “harden off” plants.
Advantages of Sexual
Reproduction
1.
Fast way to get many plants.
2.
Easy to do.
3.
Economical.
Disadvantages of Sexual
Reproduction
1.
Some plants, especially hybrids, do
not reproduce true to parents.
2.
Some plants are difficult to propagate
from seeds.
Sexual Propagation
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Examples of plants started by seed are:
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Marigold
Impatiens
Begonia
Coleus
Salvia
Shasta daisy
Pansy
Plant Propagation
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Asexual Reproduction –starting plants by
means other than seed
Methods include:
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Cuttings
Layering
Division
Separation
Grafting
Budding
Tissue culture
Cuttings
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Stem
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Start with sterile flats, soil, and tools
Must include a node
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A node is a point along a plant stem where
leaves or other stems are attached
Internode is the area between two nodes
Cutting is taking a 4-6 inch piece of the
plant and forcing roots to grow
Cuttings
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Using hormones help speed up rooting
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Dipping the cutting in fungicides help
prevent rotting
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Rooting media should be about 4
inches deep
Cuttings
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Herbaceous plants are soft-tissue plants
Woody plants are plants that produce woody
tissue
Examples of plants that can be started by
cuttings
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Herbaceous – geranium, impatiens, begonia
and coleus
Woody – holly, abelia, and rosemary
Cuttings
Leaf
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Usually propagated from herbaceous
plants
 Midrib vein must be cut in order to make
roots form
 Examples
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African violet and philodendron
 Snake plant and jade plant
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Cuttings
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Root
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Should be spaced three inches apart in
rooting area
A sand, vermiculite or perlite mixture is a
good medium for root cuttings
Examples: hosta and daylily
Cuttings
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The best time of day to take a stem,
leaf, or root cutting is early morning
because plants have more moisture
Layering
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Tricking the plant stem into growing
roots while still attached to the parent
plant
Examples
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Air layering
Trench Layering
Mound Layering
Layering
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Air layering
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Making an incision at the node of a
branch
Dust with rooting hormone, place
sphagnum moss in plastic and wrap
around the incision forcing roots to grow
on the stem of the plant
Layering
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Air layering
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Once roots form, remove below the new
roots for a new plant
Examples
Decora rubber plant
 Weeping fig
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Air Layering
Some plants, like the
spider plant, naturally
layer.
Layering
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Trench Layering - new plants form at each
node along the stem while still attached to
the plant
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Is cutting a trench and laying a branch in the
trench
Types of trench layering are simple, tip, and
serpentine
Examples of plants for trench layering
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Grapes
Clematis
Types of Trench Layering
Simple Layering
Tip Layering
Serpentine Layering
Layering
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Mound layering
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Is mounding the soil on a branch
An example would be an azalea
Mound Layering
Division
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Cutting apart rhizomes, tubers,
runners, stolons, or suckers to get new
plants
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Division is used on plants that grow in
clumps
Examples of plants that can be divided
are hostas, daylilies, and irises
Also used on some grasses
Separation
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Separating natural structures of a plant
without making a cut
Examples of plants:
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Bulbs and corms
Grafting
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Joining separate plant parts together so
that they form a union and grow
together to make one plant.
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Tools needed are a knife, tape, and wax
Plants must be related to each other and
normally in the same genus or family
Grafting
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Scion is the piece of plant at the top of
the graft
Rootstock is the piece of the plant at
the root or bottom of the graft
Examples of plants that can be grafted:
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Maples and fruit trees
Sweetgum (fruitless sweetgum)
Pecan
Budding
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A form of grafting when a bud is used.
Types:
T-budding,
 Chip budding,
 Patch Budding.
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Budding
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Successful T budding requires:
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that the scion (top)material have fullyformed, mature, dormant buds,
that the rootstock be in a condition of
active growth such that the "bark is
slipping".
This means that the vascular cambium is
actively growing, and the bark can be peeled
easily from the stock piece with little damage.
 An example would be a rose
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Budding Technique
Removing the bud
from the scion
wood.
Bud is inserted
into the
rootstock.
Wound is
wrapped
for healing
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3.
5.
2.
4.
Tissue Culture (or
Micropropagation)
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This is the newest form
of Asexual propagation
Tissue Culture
(Micropropagation)
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A sterile environment is necessary for
micropropagation (biotechnology)
It is a good way to get the most plants
in a short period of time
It will give you a plant identical to the
parent plant (clone)
An example would be impatiens and
many flowers and vegetable plants
Asexual Propagation Terms
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1. Corm - Enlarged, bulb-like, fleshy
base of a stem. Usually flattened and
round. Ex: gladiolus and crocus
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2. Rhizome - a creeping underground
stem, usually horizontal, that produces
roots and leaves at the nodes. Ex:
cannas and bearded Iris
Asexual Propagation Notes:
3. Stolon (or Runner) – a creeping above
ground stem that grows horizontally and
produces roots and shoots at the nodes. Ex:
strawberry
4. Tuber – a swollen, modified stem that
grows underground. Ex: potato
5. Sucker - a shoot or stem that originates
from the roots.
Asexual Propagation Methods in
Review
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Cuttings
Layering
Division
Separation
Grafting
Budding
Tissue Culture
Advantages of Asexual
Propagation
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Asexual reproduction or propagation-plants
mature in shorter time.
Budding is faster or quicker than grafting.
In trench layering, plants form at each node
on covered stems.
Some plants do not produce viable seeds.
New plants are same as parent plant.
Disadvantages of Asexual
Propagation
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Some require special equipment and
skills, such as grafting.
Cuttings detach plant parts from water
and nutrient source.
Some plants are patented making
propagation illegal.