Transcript Plant Propagation

Horticulture I
Unit 4.02
 Sexual
 Asexual
 Corm – an enlarged, bulb-like, fleshy structure found at the base of a
stem
 Rhizome – a creeping underground stem, usually horizontal, that
produces roots and leaves at the nodes (ex – cannas and bearded iris)
 Stolon – a creeping above ground stem that grows horizontally and
produces roots and shoots at the nodes (ex – strawberry)
 Tuber – a swollen, modified stem that grows underground (ex – potato)
 Sucker – a shoot or stem that originates from the roots
 Starting plants from seeds
 The percentage of seeds that sprout (75 out of 100 = 75%)
 Can be affected by temperature and moisture
 Can vary depending on type of plant and quality (viability) of the seed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TE6xptjgNR0
 The seed’s capability of growing or developing
 Affected by temperature and moisture
Embryo
Seed Coat
Endosperm
 How deep to plant seeds depends on size of seeds
 Plant seeds no more than 1 ½ times the diameter of the seed
 Larger seeds are planted deeper
 Smaller seeds are planted shallow (ex – petunia seeds are tiny)
 Water small seeds from bottom by soaking to prevent burying
them
 The first set of leaves are called cotyledons
 Monocots produce one seed leaf
 Dicots produce two seed leaves
 True leaves are the second set of leaves
 Transplant seedlings when the first true leaves appear
 Before planting in the outdoor environment, reduce humidity and
water and make the environment more like the outside to “harden off”
plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1-K7qpuGYY
 It is the fast way to get many plants
 It is easy to do
 It is economical
 Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents
 Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds
 Marigold
 Impatiens
 Begonia
 Coleus
 Salvia
 Shasta daisy
 Pansy
 Starting plants by means other than seed
 Cuttings
 Layering
 Division
 Separation
 Grafting
 Budding
 Tissue culture
 Stem
 Leaf
 Root
 Start with sterile flats, soil, and tools
 Must include a node
 Node is the point along a plant
stem where leaves or other stems
are attached
 Internode is the area between two
nodes
 Cutting is taking a 4-6 inch piece of the plant and forcing roots to grow
 Using hormones and dipping the cutting in fungicides help speed up
rooting
 Rooting media should be about four inches deep
 Herbaceous plants are soft tissue plants
 Geranium, impatiens, begonia, coleus
 Woody plants are plants that produce woody tissue
 Holly, abelia, rosemary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71dYCsVAL8k
Gather all materials needed
Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from
stem tip
Remove lower leaves from the
shoot
Dip cut surface in rooting
hormone
Thoroughly moisten rooting
medium
Stick one or more cuttings in
rooting media
Cover with plastic wrap or place on
a mist bench in a warm area away
from direct sunlight.
Once rooted, cuttings can be
separated carefully and
transplanted
 Usually propagated from herbaceous plants
 Midrib vein must be cut in order to make roots form
 Plants that can start from leaf cuttings:
 African violet, philodendron, snake plant, jade plant
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVaZI1Nrgxo
 Should be spaced three inches apart in rooting area
 A sand, vermiculite or perlite mixture is a good media for root cuttings
 The best time of day to take a stem, lead, or root cutting is early
morning because the plants have more moisture
 Plants that can be started by root cuttings:
 Hosta and daylily
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POfTI4oWObo
 Air layering
 Trench layering
 Mound layering
 Make an incision at the node of a branch
 Dust with rooting hormone, place sphagnum moss in plastic and
wrap around the incision forcing roots to grow on the stem
 Once roots form, remove below the new roots for a new plant
 Ex) decora rubber plant and weeping fig
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qviLRmiqrs8
 Cutting a trench and laying a branch in the trench
 Types of trench layering are simple, tip, and serpentine
 Ex) grapes and clematis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzJjGXgw7kI
 Mounding the soil on a branch
 Ex) azalea
 Cutting apart rhizomes, tubers, runners, stolons, or suckers to get new
plants
 Used on plants that grow in clumps
 Ex) hostas, daylilies, irises, some grasses
 Separating natural structures of a plant without making a cut
 Ex) bulbs and corms
 Joining separate plant parts together so that they form a union
and grow together to make one plant
 Tools needed – knife, tape, wax
 Plants must be related to each other and normally in the same
genus or family
 Scion is the piece of plant at the top of graft
 Rootstock is the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of the
graft
 Ex) maples, fruit trees, sweetgum, pecan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUusOkwM0jM
 A form of grafting when a bud is used instead of a scion
 Methods of budding
 Patch budding
Step 2
 T-budding
Step 4
 Chip budding
 Ex) rose
Step 1
Step 3
 Successful budding requires that the scion (top) material have
fully-formed, mature, dormant buds and that the rootstock be in a
condition of active growth such that the “bark is slipping” which
means that the vascular cambium is actively growing, and the bark
can be peeled easily from the stock piece with little damage
 Also known as micropropagation
 A sterile environment is necessary for micropropagation
(biotechnology)
 It is a good way to get the most plants in a short period of time
 It will give you a plant identical to the parent plant
 Ex) impatiens, flower and vegetable plants
 Plants mature in a shorter time
 Budding is faster than grafting
 In trench layering, plant forms at each node on covered stems
 Some plants do not produce viable seeds
 New plants are same as parent plant
 Some require special equipment and skills, such as grafting
 Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source
 Some plants are patented making propagation illegal