Transcript Presentation

Carolle AVOCÈVOU
&
Prof Ir Brice SINSIN
Faculty of Agronomic
Sciences
University of
Abomey-Calavi, Benin
Contents
1. Background
2. Issues
3. Material and Methods
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusion
1. Background
Many early ethnobotanical studies were simply to
document
traditional
botanical
knowledge,
criticized as “unscientific.”
Prance et al.: the first to use the term “quantitative
ethnobotany”
Quantitative ethnobotanical studies  collection
plant-use information in consistent manner so 
intra- & intercultural statistical analyses
3 main methods including informant consensus or
informant-indexing (the most used): degree of
agreement among different people concerning use
of resource.
1. Background
1.1. Pentadesma butyracea
DRC
An evergreen tree, native to West
Africa, occurs in areas scattered
from Guinea, Sierra-Leone and
Ghana, Benin to the Democratic
Republic of Congo.
Leaves: pairs, ex-stipulate, simple
and entire
1. Background
1.1. Pentadesma butyracea
Flowers: large,
yellowish white or
whitish red, solitary
or in cluster .
Fruits: reddish-green,
broadly ellipsoid
and pointed,
Seeds: light brown,
large with flattened
sides
2. Issues
2.1. Issues
Benin (located at the Dahomey-Gap): P. butyracea’s
natural stands limited to riparian forests stretching along
the rivers  endangered ecosystems (Natta 2003)
P. butyracea: a multi-purpose tree and source of NTFPs 
submitted to several pressure sources: land clearing in
riparian forests for agriculture, increasing demand of
products, bush fires and felling of its adult trees for
timber.
Sustainable management strategies should be developed and
implemented for sustainable exploitation.
2. Issues
2.2. Objectives
Description of its current management including diverse
local knowledge = One of the essential pieces of
information
A simple listing of uses of different parts of the species
without intercultural comparison
Objectives
(1) to compare the main social groups from P. butyracea
parts importance point of view;
(2) to make an intra and interculturally comparison of
specific uses of each P. butyracea parts.
Material and Methods
NIGER
BURKINA
FASO
Toucoun
tuna
Study carried out in Bassila
and Toucountouna
districts
Bassila
Bassila
n = 120
TOGO
NIGERIA
Anii
Nagot
Kotocoli
Fulani
Toucountouna
n = 80
ATLANTIC
Waama
Natimba
Ditamari
3. Material and Methods
Method adapted from Gomez-Beloz (2000).
Informations gathered by mean of questionnaire
through interviews with informants: part of the
plant used, treated disease, method of preparation
and route of administration
Uses categorisation (Cook, 1995; Collins et al., 2006):
circulatory system disorders, digestive system
disorders,
magico-mystics,
medico-religious
construction, cosmetics, etc.
Faculty of Agronomic
Sciences
University of
Abomey-Calavi, Benin
3. Material and Methods
1. Reported use value (RU): total number of uses reported
for P. butyracea, broken down by number of uses
reported for each plant part (SRU[plant part])
2. Plant part value (PPV): value given for a specific plant
part. PPV = (RU[plant part]/RU).
3. Specific reported use (SU): number of times a specific
reported use is reported by the respondent.
4. Intraspecific use value (IUV): ratio of specific use and
reported use for a plant part: IUV = SU[plant part]/RU[plant
part]. The intraspecific use value allows the ordering of use
importance within a specific plant part.
4. Material and Methods
Kruskal-Wallis test performed to compare mean
Reported use value (RU) between social groups
Principal components analysis (PCA) performed on
calculated plant part values to compare plant parts
importance and use diversity between social
groups
Faculty of Agronomic
Sciences
University of
Abomey-Calavi, Benin
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Mean Reported Use Values of P. butyracea
K = 17.81 (df = 6)
p = 0.007
Faculty of Agronomic
Sciences
University of
Abomey-Calavi, Benin
4. Results and Discussion
Z1 (45.84%)
4.2. Plant Parts Value de P. butyracea
Ditamari & Waama:
high value for leaves,
root-sucker, butter &
timber.
Natimba: high value for
butter
PPV of flower, pulp, young
leaves, bark and fruit
*Nagot
G4
G3
*Kotocoli
* Anii
* Fulani
Z2 (29.16%)
PPV of bark, root
and butter
PPV of young leaves
Anii, Kotocoli & Fulani:
high value for young
leaves, pulp, bark and
root
Nagot: high value for bark and root.
* Natimba
G2
* Waama
* Ditamari G1
PPV of leaves, timber &
root sucker
4. Results and Discussion
4.2. Plant Parts Value de P. butyracea
Social groups living in the same area shared similar P.
butyracea part values  knowledge exchanges
Local knowledge = combination of insights of ancestral
knowledge, knowledge of other neighbouring local
peoples, practical experience, regional scholarly
traditions, and scientific or official knowledge
(Nesheim et al., 2006)
Faculty of Agronomic
Sciences
University of
Abomey-Calavi, Benin
4. Results and Discussion
4.3. Intercultural Convergence of Specific uses of P. butyracea parts
Leaf: male circumcision
wound healing, fever,
malaria, digestive disorders
Young leaf: lactogenic
effects, immune
reinforcement and dentition
at the newborn
Flower: lactogenic effects,
digestive system disorders
treatment and magicomystic uses
Pulp: chiropodist, local
soap, bloated stomach and
constipation
Butter: local soap & body
massage
4. Results and Discussion
4.3. Intercultural Convergence of Specific uses of P. butyracea parts
Few P. butyracea parts values
Bark and root: stomach
0,40
Parts Value (unit)
bark
0,35
pain, irregular menses
root
0,30
timber
0,25
root-sucker
0,20
Timber and root-sucker:
0,15
oral hygiene
0,10
0,05
0,00
Social groups
4. Results and Discussion
4.3. Intercultural Convergence of Specific uses of P. butyracea parts
High IUV for a specific use = synonymous of reliability of a
disease treatment.
Reliability of the disease treatment is all the greater when
IUV of the plant part for a specific use is high for social
groups that are not living in the same geographical area.
This comparative method allows the selection of indigenous
medicinal plants parts for phytochemical and
biological/pharmacological studies.
IUV is also useful in determining the cultural importance of
a particular plant part for a social group in a specific
usage category
4. Results and Discussion
4.3. Intercultural Convergence of Specific uses of P. butyracea parts
To make a difference between past and actual use and
knowledge of uses P. butyracea products by the different
sociocultural groups by measuring the quantities
harvested or consumed.
Reasons
(1) The use of some plant parts is seasonal and may be greater
at a particular time of the year
(2) The study was concerned only one plant species, the
time which has elapsed between two uses was long
(several months or years), especially when the informant
is not a traditional specialized healer.
5. Conclusions
P. butyracea is a multipurpose tree that is used in various
ways by Bassila and Toucountouna districts people.
A quantitative ethnobotanical approach close to informant
consensus allowed allocating a value to each species part.
Social groups that are living in the same geographical area
shared similar value of the species parts.
Several parts of the species were most reported for the same
specific use by different social groups (high value of IUV).
Faculty of Agronomic
Sciences
University of
Abomey-Calavi, Benin
THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR
KIND ATTENTION!
Many
thanks to
to