Transcript Plants Powerpoint 4.4a,b,c,d

Plant Structure
Most plants have four basic
parts: stems, leaves, flowers,
and roots. Each of these parts
has a unique function or
purpose.
Roots
The roots of a plant are located under ground.
They anchor the plant and absorb water and
minerals, or nutrients from the soil.
Stem
These nutrients then travel to other parts of
the plant by way of the stem. The stem
provides support for the plant and is filled
with tiny tubes that carry the life-giving
nutrients and water from the roots to the
leaves.
Leaves
Growing out of the stem are leaves. The
leaves are the part of the plant that make
food. This food-making process is called
photosynthesis and it occurs in all green plants.
Oxygen is made during photosynthesis.
Flower
The flower is another basic part of many
plants. The flower’s main function is to
make seeds so that the life cycle of the
plant can continue.
Parts of a plant
Label this plant!
Plant Reproduction
The plant kingdom can be divided into two
general groups:
those that produce seeds and those that
produce spores.
Seed Producing
Plants
Many seed-producing plants have
roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The
flower is the part of the plant that
makes seeds. Its parts include the
sepals, the stamen, the pistil, the
stigma, the ovary, the ovule, and
the seed.
Reproduction Parts
The stamen is the male
part of the flower that
produces pollen.
stamen
Sepals are special leaves
that protect the flower petals
before the flower opens up.
Once the petals of the flower
open, their bright colors
attract insects and protect
the stamen and pistil.
The pistil is the female part
of the flower and it has
two main parts:
a sticky end called the
stigma and a hollow
structure called an
ovary that holds eggs
or ovules.
pistil
Pollination
Pollination is part of the
reproductive process of
flowering plants. Pollination is
the process by which pollen
is transferred from the
stamens to the stigma. Pollen
is transferred by insects, birds,
or the wind. From the
stigma, the pollen travels
down the pistil to the ovary
where it fertilizes the ovule.
The fertilized eggs then grow
into seeds. Once scattered
on the soil, seeds produce
new plants!
Plants that do NOT
produce seeds
Not all plants produce seeds. Some plants produce spores.
Spores are microscopic specks of living material. Ferns and
mosses are spore-producing plants. A fern, for example,
produces spores on the undersides of its leaves. The spores
look like brown patches or pads. When spores are scattered
on the soil they produce new fern or moss plants.
Photosynthesis
Did you know that green plants make their own food? They
have tiny “food factories” located right in their leaves.
Green plants produce their own food through the process of
photosynthesis. Green plants use chlorophyll to produce food
(sugar), using carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and sunlight.
Leaves are the primary food producing part of these plants.
How do green plants produce, or make food?
It begins as green plants trap light energy from the sun in their
leaves. A green pigment called chlorophyll collects the light
energy and stores it. While the sunlight is being stored in the
plant’s leaves, the plant’s roots are taking in water and nutrients.
Meanwhile, while the leaves are
collecting light energy and the roots
are taking in water and nutrients, tiny
holes on the undersides of the leaves
are taking in a gas called carbon
dioxide.
The chlorophyll then mixes the stored light energy, the water, the
nutrients, and the carbon dioxide. It changes it into food for the
plant. The food produced by the plant is called glucose.
Glucose is a form of sugar.
Meanwhile, oxygen is also being produced and released into
the atmosphere.
This process of combining sunlight energy, water, nutrients,
and carbon dioxide to make plant sugars is called
photosynthesis. This name is perfect because the prefix
photo- means “light” and synthesis means “joining together.”
Plants in winter
As the summer days grow shorter and the cooler days of
fall and winter arrive, the chlorophyll, or green pigment,
located in the plant’s leaves begins to change. Instead of
storing light energy like it did all spring and summer, the
chlorophyll breaks down. As this happens, leaves die, turn
colors, and drop off.
Plants in winter
The plant goes dormant, or becomes inactive
without the food producing leaves. The plant
goes into a period called dormancy. Dormancy is
a period of suspended life processes brought on
by changes in the environment. The plant is
preparing for its new period of growth in the
spring.