Transcript Liquidambar styraciflua

AGEH 28, Fall 2013
Shasta College campus
Liquidambar styraciflua,
sweetgum, liquidambar
• Monoecious—male & female flowers in separate
heads; flowers small, greenish, without petals.
fruit like a little spiked weapon (mace);
Liquidambar styraciflua,
sweetgum, liquidambar
• Value: Easy, fast, fall color; resists oak root
fungus
• Problems: must train to have strong central
leader; roots heave sidewalks, fruits puncture
bike tires (and feet)
• Many volunteer seedlings
An iron Head of a Mace.
India, circa 18th century
Liquidambar styraciflua,
sweetgum, liquidambar
• Native to Eastern US
• ID: tree, 60 x 25 ft; leaf star-shaped, 5-7 pointed
lobes; corky wings on twigs
Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’
Bradford pear
Rose family, Rosaceae
Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’
Bradford pear
• Species native to China; cultivar
developed in Maryland USA
• 50 x 30 ft, with strongly vertical limbs
but no central leader; crotches weak
• Good fall color, first flowering tree to
bloom, takes heat, grows well even in
heavy clay
• Flowers smell bad
• Invasive in North Carolina and other
moist states
Platanus x hispanica
London plane tree
Hybrid between the American sycamore
(Platanus occidentalis) and Platanus
orientalis of Eurasia
First recorded in Spain in the 17th century,
where the Oriental & American Planes had
been planted near one another. Leaf and
flower characteristics are intermediate
between the two parent species, the leaf
being more deeply lobed than P.
occidentalis but less so than P. orientalis,
and the seed balls typically two per stem
(one in P. occidentalis, 3-6 in P. orientalis).
The hybrid is fertile.
Also known as P. X acerifolia
Platanus x hispanica, London plane
sycamore family--Platanaceae
•ID: 80 x 40 ft; lvs maplelike, but alternate
•Monoecious—male & female flowers in separate
heads; flowers small, greenish, without petals.
fruit like a little spiked weapon (mace);
Platanus x hispanica
London plane tree, sycamore family
•ID: broad canopy, palmately lobed alternate
leaves, flowers/fruits in spherical heads; peeling
mottled bark, swollen petiole bases.
Platanus x hispanica
London plane tree
• Value: Fast growing, shade tree with wide
spreading branches, fall color; beautiful bark
• Problems: roots heave sidewalks & may invade
septic systems; may have large surface roots.
• The large leaves can create a disposal problem
in cities. These leaves are tough and sometimes
can take more than one year to break down.
• Pollen and leaf/fruit hairs highly allergenic to
some!
Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa
bignonia family--Bignoniaceae
Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa
bignonia family--Bignoniaceae
• Native to central US
• Value: adapted to heat, cold,
and western soils; flowers
are showy; tree has lush
tropical look
• Care: shape tree when
young: shorten side
branches and limb up when
tall enough; moderate water
• Problems: protect from
strong wind (leaf damage);
messy
Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa
bignonia family--Bignoniaceae
•ID: large tree; flowers
like open snapdragons,
in clusters; leaf very
large, heart-shaped,
sometimes slightly
lobed.
•Fruits very long,
hanging, beanlike
•Leaves opposite or
whorled
•‘speciosa’ means
‘showy’
Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’
Raywood ash, claret ash
olive family--Oleaceae
Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’
Raywood ash, claret ash
Cultivar of a species native to
the Mediterranean
Tree compact, 25-35 x 25 ft,
fast-growing, small-leaved,
lacy look
Value: fast growing, purple-red
fall color; needs moderate
water
Problems: Subject to branch
dieback in CA, especially when
drought-stressed
Ash dieback
Fungus dieback disease
caused by Botryosphaeria
stevensii (aka Diplodia mutila)
Leaves wilt, change color, die,
limbs become bare
Can kill the whole plant
No control; provide adequate
water for the trees
Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’
Raywood ash, claret ash
ID—
• dioecious;
• opposite, pinnately
compound leaves;
• fruit a winged samara
(rarely found on this
cultivar.)
• ‘chocolate drop’ axillary
buds, as in Oregon ash
• angustifolia means
‘narrow-leaved’
Morus alba, white mulberry
mulberry family--Moraceae
Morus alba, white mulberry
• 30-50 ft high and wide
• Value: broad-canopied shade tree,
tolerates desert heat, alkaline soil,
seacoasts; often pollarded
• Problems: sooty canker disease;
heavy surface roots; needs moderate
water to look its best. Fruits are
messy and staining; pollen causes hay
fever
• escapes into moist places, so plant
“fruitless” males
Morus alba, white mulberry
Native to China--food of the silkworm, source of the
ancient Silk Road
Morus alba, white mulberry
Silk fiber being made
Morus alba, white mulberry
ID:
leaves simple and alternate, variable shape--lobed on
young trees, and less lobed or not lobed on older trees
most references call this a dioecious species—however,
California Rare Fruit Growers say this:
Mulberry trees are either dioecious or monoecious, and
sometimes will change from one sex to another. The
flowers are held on short, green, pendulous,
nondescript catkins. They are wind pollinated. In
California mulberries set fruit without pollination.
Flowers inconspicuous, females make lots of bland purple
fruit that stains; males make lots of allergenic pollen
‘alba’ means ‘white’
Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’,
purpleleaf plum
rose family--Rosaceae
Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’,
purpleleaf plum
Cultivar of flowering plum, native to
Asia
Grows to 20 ft high and wide
Good purple leaf color
Does not like waterlogged soils
(can fall over in a wet year)
May produce a crop of small fruit
Sometimes called cherry plum—
’cerasifera’ means ‘cherry-bearing’
Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’,
purpleleaf plum
ID:
Small tree with
alternate, simple, finely
serrate, purple leaves;
many five-petaled
pink/purple flowers in
spring
May produce a crop of small fruit
Sometimes called cherry plum—
’cerasifera’ means ‘cherry-bearing’
Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo or
maidenhair tree
gingko family--Gingkoaceae
Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo,
Origin: China; family Ginkgoaceae;
“living fossil” (remnant of plants
living 270 million years ago; this is a
GYMNOSPERM, related to
conifers!)
Native in the wild? No wild sites are
known. The living ginkgos in China
may have been tended by monks at
sacred sites for the last 1000 years;
rediscovered by Europeans in 1690
in Japanese temple gardens.
Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo,
maidenhair tree, “silver apricot”
Value: growth slow; gold fall
color, lovely foliage; wood
strong, doesn’t heave, resists
oak root fungus, tolerates air
pollution; long lived
Plant male cultivars (fleshy
female seeds smell very bad);
water young trees until
established
Use: Street tree, lawn tree;
Forms: Some spread, some
erect; gawky when young,
Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo
ID:
leaf fan-shaped,
often lobed;
dioecious (sexes on
separate trees)
Not a flowering plant
but a gymnosperm
‘Gingko’ Chinese for
‘silver apricot’
‘biloba’ means ‘2lobed (the leaves)
Betula pendula, white birch
birch family--Betulaceae
Betula pendula, white birch,
• Native to Europe & western Asia
• Value: fall color, white trunk,
delicate weeping foliage
• Needs: sun, water, fertilizer, too
greedy for lawns
• Problems: Prune in summer/fall to
minimize sap bleed
• Susceptible to attack from bronze
birch borer--other birches better
resist this insect
Betula pendula, white birch
• ID: Tree 30-40 ft,
branches pendulous
(weeping)
• Trunks white with black
furrows
• Leaves diamondshaped, doubly serrate
(the teeth have teeth),
tapered to a point
• ‘pendula’ means
‘hanging’
Betula pendula, white birch
• Monoecious; female and male
flowers in separate catkins
• catkin n. A usually dense,
cylindrical, often drooping cluster
of unisexual apetalous flowers
Ripened
female catkins
Cercis canadensis, eastern redbud
pea family--Fabaceae
Cercis canadensis, eastern redbud
pea family--Fabaceae
• Native to Eastern US forests; 25 ft
x 25 ft
• Grow: in sun or part shade; needs
water; good for watered gardens
• Valued for the 4 Fs: flowers, fruit,
foliage, fall color; effective as
understory tree, against dark
conifers; better bloom with winter
chill
Prune in dormant season, or right
after bloom
Cercis canadensis, eastern redbud
pea family--Fabaceae
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ID: small tree or multi-stemmed shrub
heart-shaped leaf with pointed tip;
pink pea flowers emerge before leaves
Flat pea pod fruits
Cercis occidentalis, western redbud
pea family--Fabaceae
Cercis occidentalis,
western redbud
• Native to California foothills
below 4000 ft.
• Multistemmed shrub to 18 ft.
• Leaf blue-green, kidney-shaped
• Value: the 4 Fs; fall color yellow
to red (peachy)
• Very drought tolerant; best in the
rarely watered garden (needs
water the first summer or two);
stunning along freeway
• Resistant to oak root fungus
Triadica sebifera (=Sapium sebiferum)
Chinese tallow tree
spurge family--Euphorbiaceae
Triadica sebifera, Chinese tallow tree
Native to Asia;
Value: good fall color (select
in fall); graceful fluttering
foliage; resists oak root
fungus
Care: moderate water
Problems:
Milky sap poisonous if
ingested!!
self-seeding pest of wetlands
in Sacramento Co., Shasta
College campus, and in
eastern US
Triadica sebifera,
Chinese tallow tree
ID: 30-40 x 25-30 ft;
crown dense and round;
leaves simple, alternate,
diamond-shaped, entire
Monoecious; male and
female flowers in the same
spike—females at base of
spike, males above
Fruit a fleshy capsule with 3
large white seeds
‘sebifera’ means ‘tallow
bearing’
Acer buergerianum, trident maple
Acer buergerianum, trident maple
Native to China, Japan; maple
family
ID: 20-25 ft high and wide
(upright);
lvs 3’’ wide, 3-lobed, glossy
green, pale below, opposite
Value: fall color ( buy in fall leaf),
flaking bark; good for patio and
bonsai
Care: moderate water; prune in
summer to minimize sap bleed
Acer buergerianum, trident maple
Acer palmatum,
Japanese maple
Forms: Sango kaku, coralbark
Red Dragon: holds red color
thru summer
Acer palmatum,
Japanese maple
Deciduous arborescent shrub from Asia (Japan and
Korea)
ID: many-stemmed; leaf star-shaped, valleys deeper than
sweetgum, 5-9 lobes, toothed; propeller fruits (double
samara)
Value: 4 Fs; young lvs red, winter branches green or red;
good in shade, resists oak root fungus; good in containers
(wider than tall)
Care: water moderate, wind and sun tolerant, but in CA
need protection from wind, heat, drought, so… grow in
filtered shade, use on N walls; fancy grafted varieties
touchier (finer leaf burns more)
Acer palmatum,
Japanese maple
“Common seedlings have uncommon
grace.”
Maple family (Aceraceae)
Trees or large
shrubs; fruit a
double samara,
wind-dispersed;
lvs deciduous,
opposite, usu.
lobed
Cornus florida, Eastern dogwood
Cornus florida, Eastern dogwood
Native to Eastern US; dogwood family
(Cornaceae)
ID: 20-30 ft, flr clusters with 4 showy
bracts; native form has white bracts,
many cultivars pink
Value: flrs, fruit, fall color (not fragrant)
Care: needs part shade, summer water
Problems: anthracnose disease
Cornus nuttallii, western dogwood
Pacific Northwest; dogwood
family (Cornaceae)
ID: 20-30 ft, flr clusters with 4
showy bracts; native form has
white bracts, many cultivars
Value: flrs, fruit, fall color
Care: needs part shade,
summer water
Problems: anthracnose
disease
Cornus nuttallii, western dogwood
Pacific Northwest; dogwood family (Cornaceae)
ID: 50 x 20 ft, flr clusters with 4 showy bracts; native
form has white bracts, gray branches in pleasing
horizontal pattern
Value: Not suitable for CA valley gardens
Problems: anthracnose disease; there are now
resistant hybrids with C. kousa (‘Starlight’)
dogwood anthracnose
anthracnose
disease, caused by
microscopic fungus
Discula destructiva
Lesions: tan spots
with purple
margins; defoliate
large parts of tree
of Eastern and
Western dogwood
Dogwood anthracnose and resistant
dogwoods
Hybrid forms bloom later than Eastern
dogwood because of Cornus kousa
blood (C. kousa blooms in June)
Some dogwood forms bred to be
disease resist: Stellar dogwood
(C. florida x C. kousa, also called C. x
rutgersensis)
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/tree
s/dogwood-stellar.html
Dogwood family (Cornaceae)
Trees and shrubs.
Leaves simple, opposite,
entire-margined, with
pinnate veins containing
persistent fibers (veins
often arced).
Flowers small, clustered,
consisting of 4 petals and
4 stamens. The showy
part is the 4-8 large bracts
that surround the flower
cluster.
Fruit small, fleshy.
Chilopsis linearis, desert willow
(CALIF NATIVE)
Chilopsis linearis, desert willow
Native to Calif and SW deserts;
Catalpa family (Bignoniaceae)
ID:15-30 x 10-20 ft; willow-like
leaves, catalpa-like flowers in spring
Value: flowers, hummingbirds love it,
blooms first year; tolerates little or no
water
(Parent of x Chitalpa taskentensis)
Chilopsis linearis, desert willow
Pistacia chinensis, Chinese pistache,
cashew family, Anacardiaceae
Pistacia chinensis,
Chinese pistache,
(Anacardiaceae)
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Fruits not edible!!
Leaves are even-pinnate
Brilliant fall color, even in mild climates
Resistant to oak root fungus
Good street tree, shade tree
Abundant volunteer seedlings : (
Gleditsia triacanthos ‘Sunburst’,
sunburst honey locust
Gleditsia triacanthos,
sunburst honey locust
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Needs moderate water
ID: leaves 2x pinnate, yellow in spring
Problems: roots heave pavement
Pests: honey locust borer; mimosa
webworm
• Hort forms are thornless (species is
thorny); ‘Sunburst’ has yellow new growth
(turns green in summer); defoliates in
drought
Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust
• Native to E. US
• 75 x 60 ft, with sparse open
branches, furrowed
brown/black bark, thorny
branches
• ID: leaves 1x-pinnate,
leaflets 7-19; flrs white,
fragrant, in hanging cluster
4-8 in.
• Use: Not a good street tree;
don’t use because
invasive…
Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust
• Wood rot-resistant, firewood
and fenceposts (Lincoln??);
acacia honey
• Pioneers brought it to Gold
Country; it has gone wild
(Old Shasta: keep or kill?)
• Can colonize the poorest
soils, because root nodules
fix nitrogen (makes its own
fert); visible in spring all
along Sac. R.
Robinia ‘Idahoensis’ or ‘Purple
Robe’
• 40 x 30 ft.
• These are forms of
hybrid black locusts,
known as Robinia x
ambigua
Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’,
Frisia black locust
• Found in a Dutch
nursery in 1935
and named after
the province of
Friesland
• Leaves 1x-pinnate;
supposed to
remain yellow all
summer (but may
green up in our
summer heat)
Quercus rubra, Northern Red
Oak
Quercus rubra, northern red oak
• Native to NE North America
• ID: Tree to 75 x 50 ft., leaf 5-8 in., 3-7 prs of sharply
pointed lobes (hills), valleys (sinuses) less than halfway
to midvein, hairs in angles along midvein; acorns
covered 1/3 in shallow cup
• Needs: regular water
• Value: shade, fast growth, fall color; roots deep so you
can garden under the tree; important timber tree in NE
• Problems: a host plant of sudden oak death (terrible
disease of coastal CA); invasive in Europe (wet climates)
Pin Oak, Quercus palustris
• Hairy tufts in veins on
underside of leaf
Pin Oak, Quercus palustris
• Known from
Southeastern Canada
and Eastern United
States
• Found in swampy
woods
Quercus douglasii
Blue Oak
Leaves deciduous, bluish,
subtle fall color; lobes
shallow
Acorn fattish, cup shallow
Drought tolerant, shade
intolerant
Watering will shorten their
lives (oak root fungus,
other diseases)
Firewood and fence posts
Quercus lobata, Valley Oak
• Largest Oaks in
California
• Known from Shasta
County to Los
Angeles County
• Central Valley, Coast
Range and Sierra
Nevada foothills
Quercus lobata, Valley Oak
• Deeply lobed leaves
• Need deep fertile soil
with a high water
table
• Acorns from valley
oak, a daily food
source for most tribes
of Native Californians
Zelkova serrata, Japanese zelkova
Zelkova serrata, Japanese zelkova
Zelkova serrata, Japanese zelkova
• Native to E. Asia
• ID: tree to 60 x 60 ft.; leaf narrowly oval,
serrated; bark smooth and gray
• Value: nice tree, fall color, resists Dutch
elm disease, so a good elm substitute; can
become a bonsai
• Needs: some water; full sun to part shade
Dutch Elm Disease
Dutch Elm Disease
• Fungal disease from Asia, Ophiostoma
(Ceratocystis) species; introduced into America
and Europe; identified in Holland in 1920s
• Attacks elms
• Devastated North American urban elms; some
wild elms still OK
• Spread by bark beetles, through tree roots,
imported on timber
• Resistant: Princeton elm, Liberty elm
• Or… use Zelkova