Transcript Mon Week #6 Q.3 (2/10)

Mon Week #6 Q.3 (2/10)
Bio. Learning Goal: I understand the
scientific principles and processes involved
in biological evolution.
Activities/Assignments:
• Finish General notes – Evolution
• Handouts :
•
•
•
•
Comparing limb structure and function
Evolution part #1
Graphing practice
Vocabulary Review
Warm Up: Name 2 of 3
factors that support
evolution.
Homework:
Test
Wed/Thurs
Fact:Music was sent down a
telephone line for the first
time in 1876, the year the
phone was invented
See: Science fast facts
Fossil Records
Fossils are the preserved remains, tracks, or
traces of once-living organisms
They form when organisms become buried in
sediment and calcium in hard surfaces
mineralizes
Arranging fossils according to age often
provides evidence of successive evolutionary
change
Robert Hooke in 1668- 1st to propose that
fossils are the remains of plants & animals.
Provides the most direct evidence for
macroevolution
Page 13
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Anatomical Record
Similar structural forms can be seen in
various living organisms
Ex: Homologous structures, Analogous structures and
Vestigial structures
All vertebrates share a basic set of developmental instructions
Relict
developmental
forms
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Homologous structures: Have different structure
and function but are all derived from the same
part of a common ancestor.
As vertebrates have evolved, the same bones are sometimes put to
different uses, yet they can still be seen, their presence
betraying their evolutionary past.
The same basic bones
are present in each
forelimb
Fig. 13.8
Homology among
vertebrate limbs
TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS
• Structural
• Behavioral
• Physiological
Let’s look at each type as we consider 2
species: the tundra & icecap-dwelling arctic
fox & the desert dwelling fennec fox.
Other Structural
Adaptations:
Duck---webbed feet
Fish---gills
arctic fox (Alopex lagopus)
fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) Giraffe---long neck
Beaver---large,
Structural Adaptation: The form pointed teeth
Whale---blubber
that the organism takes.
Cactus---shallow
roots
EX: Big ears and small ears of foxes.
Snake---flexible jaw
Heat escapes easily from the blood that passes
through the vessels in the fennec fox’s ears. Cool
blood from the ears then circulates through the
body & keeps the fennec fox from overheating.
Behavioral Adaptation: These are innate
(inherited) actions that individuals of the
species perform.
Other Behavioral Adaptations:
• Arctic fox:
Birds---migrate/fly south in the
– Can be active any
winter
time of the day;
Bears---hibernate in the winter
ready to find food Possums---play "dead" to avoid
whenever available. predators
• Fennec fox:
Desert animals---(1)
– Is nocturnal; sleeps nocturnal/inactive during the
during the day &
daytime and (2) below-ground
hunts at night
dwellings to avoid harsh rays
Physiological Adaptation: Related to the
biochemical processes at work within an
organism’s body.
Compare the processing of food & water:
– Arctic fox: food is scarce in winter; effective
at storing food energy as fat.
– Fennec fox: little free water available;
adapted to get all moisture it needs from
fruit, roots, & leaves.
Other examples of physiological adaptation are tanning of skin when exposed to
sun over long periods, the formation of callouses on hands in response to
repeated contact or pressure
Plants in hot dry climates have grey or light colored foliage reflects light, reducing
heat and thus water loss from transpiration, needles or small leaves, silver hairs
coating leaves reflect light and help to lower temperatures
Adaptations Work Together
• Adaptations work together to
produce a species fit for
surviving in a specific
environment.
• The big ears(structural) cools fox & gives
acute hearing which helps when fox hunts &
night (behavioral) & the fox has special retina;
tapetum (physiological) that gives the fox night
vision.
Some Examples of Adaptations
structural
• Kangaroo’s tail…..
physiological
• Kangaroo’s ability to jump
• When temp. are hot a kangaroo will go
under a tree and dig down for cooler
ground… behavioral
behavioral
• Camels travel in herds…
• Camels have humps on their backs…
structural
• The color of the peacock’s feathers…
physiological
PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION
Coevolution: Change of two or more
species in close association with each
other.
EXAMPLE: Bumblebees
and the flowers they
pollinate have co-evolved
so that both have become
dependent on each other
for survival.
Convergent Evolution: organisms that
are very similar but are not closely
related. This happens because of a
change within the environment.
Analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution.
DIVERGENT EVOLUTION:Two or
more related species that become
more dissimilar due to different
environments.
•This usually produces another species
EXAMPLE:
GALAPAGOS
FINCHES
Tue Week #6 Q.3 (2/11)
Bio. Learning Goal: I understand the
scientific principles and processes involved
in biological evolution.
Homework:
Study-Test
Wed/Thurs
Activities/Assignments:
• Handouts :
•
•
•
•
•
Comparing limb structure and function
Evolution part #1
Graphing practice
Vocabulary Review
Practice Test - book
Warm Up: What is the
difference between
divergent and convergent
evolution?
Fact: Snakes are true
carnivorous because they
eat nothing but other
animals. They do not eat
any type of plant material.
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Wed/Thurs Week #6 Q.3 (2/12-13)
Bio. Learning Goal: I understand the
scientific principles and processes involved
in biological evolution.
Activities/Assignments:
• Handouts :
• Vocabulary Review
• Practice Test – book
• Evolution Unit Test
Warm Up: What is a vestigial
organ?
Homework:
none
Fact:If you could throw a
snowball fast enough, it
would totally vaporize when
it hit a brick wall
.