Transcript The Analysis of Stomatal Density and Leaf Geometries in Plant

Visual and Image Processing
Rahman Tashakkori, Luke
Rice, and Bahar Akhtar
Appalachian State University
The Analysis of
Stomatal
Density and
Leaf
Geometries in
Plant Tissues
Karunesh Polireddy &
Akash Kejriwal
Objective
 Analyze
density


the factors affecting stomatal
Precipitation
Temperature
 Visualize
the geometric figures on leaves and
identify any geometric similarities between
plants of the same species
 Previous
work by environmentalists studying
the atmosphere
Stomata Density - Method
 The
stomatal density was measured using
a Proscope HR Microscope with a 400x
magnification and 640x480 resolution.
Stomatal Density
Stomata –mouth-like structures that regulate the gases and
liquid that enter and leave a leaf
Comparison of Stomatal Density
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Stoma seen at 400x magnification
Stomatal Density
Monthly Average Temperature
120
Temperature in
Fahrenheit
103
100
109
107
100
93
87
83
80
60
40
74
69
65
61
69
73
68
62
61
58
52
49
34
Jan
Feb
Boone
43
41
32
Mojave Desert
35
20
0
Mar
 Correlation
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
w/ Temperature: As
temperature increases, stomatal density
decreases.
Stomatal Density
 Correlation
w/ Precipitation: As
precipitation increases, stomatal density
increases.
Comparison of Monthly Rainfall
6
Rainfall ( inches)
5
4
Mojave
3
Boone
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Leaf Geometry
Leaf Geometry – the geometrical
shapes found on the plant epidermis.
 Can
well.
be similar or can be different as
 Geometries
of Rhododendron and
Hasta leaves were compared
Leaf Geometry – Method


Leaf geometries were found using “The
Leafinator” created by Clint Guin.
The Leafinator, a program, measured average
area, perimeter, hull area, and hull perimeter.
Leaf Geometry - Rhododendron
• Three types were
observed.
• Type 1 and Type 2
were similar but
Type 3 was not.
1
2
3
Units in Pixels
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Rhododendron 1
Rhododendron 2
Rhododendron 3
• Leaf geometry is a
varying factor. They
can be different or
similar between a
species.
Leaf Geometry - Hasta
• Three types were
observed.
• Problem – lack of
geometry
1
2
3
• Resulting in
skewed and
uncorrelated
data.
Conclusion – Stomatal Density
• Can identify a plant’s species and
biome.
• The agave bovicornuta and poinsettia
cactus have smaller density than
daisies, squash, zucchinis, and shrubs.
• This is due to environmental factors
(temperature precipitation).
Conclusion – Leaf Geometry
• Leaf Geometry shows relation
between plants of same species
• However, not all are similar.
• Hasta leaves did not show any
geometry on the epidermis.
References
[1] Broussard, Dillon, Tobi Ray, and Brittany Schaneman. "Stomata Mechanics: How a Stomata Works."
Stomata Mechanics: How a Stomata Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2013.
<http://uwstudentweb.uwyo.edu/d/dbrouss1/stomate.htm>.
[2] Xu, Zhenzhu, and Guangsheng Zhou. "Responses of Leaf Stomatal Density to Water Status and Its
Relationship with Photosynthesis in a Grass." PMC. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of
Health, 22 July 2008. Web. 17 July 2013. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2529243/>.
[3] Meatyard, Barry, and Mary MacDonald. "Measuring Stomatal Density." Science & Plants for Schools. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 18 July 2013. <http://www.saps.org.uk/secondary/teaching-resources/299-measuring-stomataldensity->.
[4] "Weather History for Boone, North Carolina." Weather History for Boone, North Carolina. Yankee
Publishing, 18 July 2012. Web. 18 July 2013.
[5] "7-Day Zone Forecast for Mojave Desert Including the Mojave National Preserve." 7-Day Zone Forecast
for Eastern Mojave Desert Including the Mojave National Preserve. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2013.
<http://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?zoneid=CAZ524>.
[6] Knox, Gary W. "About Desert Plants." Desert Plants. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2013.
<http://www.livingdesert.org/gardens_agave.html>.
[7] "Types of Photosynthesis." Types of Photosynthesis. Pima Community College, n.d. Web. 15 July 2013.
[8] "Agave Bovicornuta at San Marcos Growers." Plant Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 July 2013.
<http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=3218>.
[9] "The Geometry of Leaves." Education.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2013.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our professors for helping us carry
out this project.
Dr. Rahman Tashakkori
Mr. Luke Rice
Ms. Bahar Akhtar
And others..
Dr. Carol Babyak
Mr. Clint Guin