Transcript The Flower The first practical lesson

222 bot
By: khulood AL- arjani
Plant taxonomy :
Is the science that finds, describes, classifies,
identifies, and names plants.
*Taxonomy is the science of classifying and
identifying plants.
*Scientific names are necessary because the
same common name is used for different plants
in different areas of the world.
*Latin is the language used for scientific
classification.
Scientific Names
The first word is the genus and the second
word is the species.
If there are additional words, they indicate the
variety or cultivar.
Genus :Plants in the same genus have similar
characteristics.
Species : Plants in the same species
consistently produce plants of the same
types.
Common Names
- Common Names – Easy to use &
remember.
- There are no rules to determine which
name is
correct
Category
Ending
Kingdom
Division
-phyta
Class
-opsida
Subclass
Order
Suborder
Family
Subfamily
Tribe
Genus
Subgenus
Species
Subspecies
Variety
Form
-idea
-ales
-ineae
-aceae
-0ideae
-eae
Example
Plantae
Magnoliophya
(Angiosperms)
Magnoliopsida
(Dicotyledons)
Rosidae
Fabales
Fabaceae
Robinieae
Sesbania
Sesban eae
Sesbania
Sesbania
Sesban
bicolor
Plant
taxonomy
=
plant
classification
=
Systematic
botany
The characters of systematic
botany
Vegetation characteristics :
– Leaf
– Stem:
*Aerial
*hypogeous
– Growth Habits
Leaf Arrangement – Simple

Leaf Arrangement – Compound
Leaves sits
Growth Habits
Trees
Shrubs
herbal
The flower:
Why Do Plants Have Flowers?
Flowers are the reproductive structures of
plants--they mediate the union of a sperm
with an egg
Flowers become fruits
Fruits contain seeds
Seeds grow to produce the next generation and
are the primary means by which individuals
of a species are dispersed across the
landscape
A Flower Typically has Four Parts
Sepals (calyx) – First series; the outermost
whorl or spiral of a typical flower
(asexual/sterile)
Filament – stalk of a stamen Anther – pollen producing
portion of a stamen (meiosis occurs within the pollen
sacs) Pollen – the male gametophytes Connective – the
sterile tissue connecting the two locules of an anther
Carpel(s) (gynoecium) – Fourth series; the terminal or
centermost component; the female reproductive unit
(the site of pollination and fertilization); 1 to many
separate or fused carpels comprise a gynoecium
The four series of a complete flower
•Perfect – flower with both functional androecium and
gynoecium
•Imperfect – flower lacking either a functional androecium or a
functional gynoecium:
•Staminate – a male flower; one that has a functional
androecium but lacks a functional gynoecium
•Carpellate – a female flower; one that has a functional
gynoecium but lacks a functional androecium
•Plant condition
(refers to ENTIRE individual
plant)
•Synoecious – a sexual condition
in which the flowers on a plant
are all perfect
•Monoecious – both staminate
and carpellate flowers occur on
the same plant
•Dioecious – staminate and
carpellate flowers occur on
different plants
Staminodes – sterile stamens (they do not produce
pollen); variable in form and size, may be petaloid or
secrete nectar
•Epipetalous – stamens adnate to corolla
•Alternating with petals or corolla lobes
•Opposite petals or corolla lobes
Gynoecium
•Carpels 1 per flower (monocarpous gynoecium)
•Carpels more than 1 per flower:
•carpels distinct (apocarpous gynoecium)
•carpels connate (syncarpous gynoecium)
Flowers do not appear solitary in a stem .they are generally
arranged in a fixed pattern we call
It is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is
composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of
branches.
Types of cymose
inflorescence
Types of racemose
inflorescence