Transcript Intro to Horticulture

Introduction to
Plant Science
Horticulture
• Word first used in 1600’s
• Comes from two Latin words
– Hortus “Garden”
– Cultura “Cultivation”
• Horticulture means “cultivated garden” or
“culture of garden plants”
– NOW MANY more “branches”…. TPS
Life Sciences
• Biology is the branch of science that deals
with both plant and animal organisms and life
processes.
– Zoology is the part of biology that deals with
animals.
– Botany is the part of biology that deals with
plants.
Horticulture
• The science and practice of growing,
processing and marketing fruits, vegetables,
and ornamental plants.
Agronomy
• The science and practice of growing field crops
such as cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn and
soybeans.
Branches of Horticulture
• Olericulture
– Study and growing of vegetables
• Pomology
– Study and growing of fruits and nuts
• Viticulture – Producing grapes and grape products
Branches of Horticulture
• Viticulture
– The growing and study of grapes or vines.
• Floriculture
– The growing and study of flowers.
Branches of Horticulture
• Greenhouse Management
– The growing and study of plants in greenhouses.
• Turfgrass Management
– The growing and study of turfgrasses. This
includes home, municipal, and commercial lawns;
sports turf maintenance; highway rights-of-way;
and seed and sod production.
Branches of Horticulture
• Nursery Management
– The growing and study of trees and shrubs that
are produced primarily for landscape purposes.
• Arboriculture
– The growing and study of trees.
– Known as silviculture in forestry.
– Synonymous with urban forestry.
Branches of Horticulture
• Landscape Horticulture
– The application of design and horticultural
principles to placement and care of plants in the
landscape.
• Interiorscaping
– The application of design and horticultural
principles to placement and care of plants in
indoor environments.
Branches of Horticulture
• Horticultural Therapy
– The use of horticultural plants and methods as
therapeutic tools with disabled and disadvantaged
people.
Discuss with the people around
you which branch of horticulture
would be the best fit for you and
why – be able to provide evidence
to prove your point
What is the history of taxonomic
classification?
• Taxonomy is the science of identifying and
naming organisms
• A. The Greeks made the first attempts at
taxonomy nearly 2,000 years ago, but their
efforts were limited, with no definite system
of naming living things.
Why are plants classified and named?
• Some plants have more than one common
name
– Ex: Snake Plant, Mother in Laws Tongue
• Some common names refer to more than one
plant
– Ex: Ivy
• Easier for all people to identify
and recognize
Binomial System of Naming Plants
• Traditional scientific names were too long…
ex: cat nip = Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatis
pedunculatis
• Famous Swedish Botanist, Linnaeus simplified
this by developing binomial (two name)
system.
• Two Latin names = scientific name
– ex: cat nip = Nepeta cataria
Saintpaulia Ionantha ‘Elisabeth’
What is the history of taxonomic
classification?
Binomial Name (Scientific Name)
– The first name (the genus) is always
capitalized, while the second name (the
species) is never capitalized.
– Both names should be italicized
In 1969, scientist Robert Whittaker proposed
five kingdoms into which all living organisms
could be classified. Still in use today.
Taxonomic Classification
• Taxonomic classification is considered hierarchical.
Works from the top down or from the bottom up.
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Kingdom
Division (phylum)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Activity
With a partner develop a acronym or
saying to help you remember the
taxonomical classification levels.
Write your final version in your note
and on the colored piece of paper.
We will share with the class.
Taxonomic Classification
• Taxonomic classification is considered hierarchical.
Works from the top down or from the bottom up.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Kingdom
Division (phylum)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Morphology
• Classification is based largely on morphology,
which is the study of the internal and external
appearance of an organism.
– In the case of plants, the structure of flowers and
fruit (and to some extent leaves, buds, roots, and
stems) is considered.
Dichotomous Key
• Taxonomic keys are useful in separating
dissimilar organisms for the purpose of
identification. They are based on plant
structures.
– One such key, a dichotomous key, is a written set of
choices that leads to the name of a plant.
Activity
With a partner create a Dichotomous Key for
any set of unknown items.
• Remember to start with most obvious choices
and work down to more specific
• Only TWO options per “line”
• Can be any item (classmates, locker items,
dairy cattle breeds, northwoods baseball
teams, etc.)
• We peer check the keys for accuracy.