Transcript Measuring Research and Experimental Development

Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)
Indicators and links to STI policies
National Workshop on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Statistics
Abu Dhabi, UAE
14 October 2012
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Science, technology and innovation (STI)
 STI universally recognised now as one of the main
drivers of economic growth…
 … and therefore of poverty reduction as well
 Governments should aim to harness the benefits
of STI
 Hence the need for a national STI policy
 Integrated in the overall national strategic plan
 Coordinated between the various actors that have
a stake (e.g. Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of
Health, Ministry of Higher Education, etc.)
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The need for monitoring
 Monitoring and benchmarking is critical in
assessing, implementing and evaluating policy
 If you don’t know where you are, how do you know
in which direction you need to go?
 Policies often include targets: need for (statistical)
measures to assess progress
• E.g. Lisbon target (3%)
• China: 2.5% by 2020
• CPA: 1% in Africa
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STI policy, evidence/data needed:
indicators to tell a story
 Do I need to invest in R&D or in Higher Education?
• Better know how much you are investing already
• What is a convenient and relevant measure?
• % of GDP? Number of graduates?
 In which areas should I invest predominantly?
• In which areas am I already investing?
• Which are important economic sectors, in mining, agriculture, industry,
services, etc?
• Which are crucial public sectors, and what are national or regional
peculiarities? (health, environment, utilities, defense,…)
 Do I need to improve quality of higher education or research?
• Better know how you compare to other countries
• Are there sufficient links of universities and institutes to industry?
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Some examples – UNESCO
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Some examples – EU
The EU innovation Scoreboard is "an
annual assessment of innovation
performance in the individual Member
States of the European Union.
It was an explicit request of the
European Council of Ministers meeting
in Lisbon in March 2000
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Some examples – OECD
Innovation strategy
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Some examples – AU/NEPAD
The ASTII Initiative is a programme in
the Africa’s Science and Technology
Consolidated Plan of Action (CPA)
(adopted in 2005) by the African
Ministerial Conference on Science and
Technology (AMCOST), resolving “to
establish an inter-governmental
committee comprising of relevant
national authorities to develop, adopt
and use common indicators to survey
and prepare an African Science,
technology and Innovation report”.
http://www.nepadst.org/doclibrary/pdfs/african_innovation_outlook_2010.pdf
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Some examples – Latin America
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A snap-shot of R&D intensity.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a
percentage of GDP, 2009 or latest available year
0.00%–0.25%
0.26%–0.50%
0.51%–1.00%
1.01%–2.00%
2.01% and above
Data not available
Source: UIS, July 2011
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What are the national research densities?
Researchers per million inhabitants, 2009 or
latest available year
0–100 per million
101–300 per million
301–1000 per million
1001–2000 per million
2001 per million and above
Data not available
Source: UIS, July 2011
Note: Data in this map are based on FTE. However, figures in headcounts (HC) were considered for the following countries since
the FTE figures were not available: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bangladesh; Belarus; Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Central African
Rep.; Cuba; Dem. Rep. of the Congo; El Salvador; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Guinea; Honduras; Jordan; Kazakhstan;
Kyrgyzstan; Libya; Mauritius; Mongolia; Montenegro; Nauru; Nicaragua; Peru; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines;
Saudi Arabia; Sudan; Tajikistan; Tanzania; Trinidad and Tobago; Uganda and U.S. Virgin Islands. This has to be taken into
account when interpreting the data.
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The gender gap in science.
Women as a share of total researchers, 2009 or
latest available year
0%–30%
30.1%–45%
45.1%–55%
55.1%–70%
70.1%–100%
Data not available
Source: UIS, July 2011
Note: Data in this map are based on HC, except for Congo and www.uis.unesco.org
India (based on FTE).
Thank you!
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[email protected]
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