Transcript Kingdom Protista

KINGDOM PROTISTA
PROTISTS
Eukaryotic cells having a discrete
membrane-bound nucleus (see Page 420)
 Contain organelles (ribosomes,
mitochondria, & lysosomes)
 Most are unicellular and found in fresh or
salt water.
 Incredible biodiversity…occupying almost
every niche and habitat.
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Three Distinct Groups
1. Plant-like Protists
2. Animal-like Protists
3. Fungi-like Protists
Plant-like Protists
– Organisms contain
chlorophyll
(autotrophs)
– Can also absorb
nutrients during dark
times (heterotrophs)
– Most plantlike protists
reproduce asexually
by MITOSIS.
EUGLENA
Animal-like Protists
Heterotrophs (engulf or
absorb food)
 Reproduce asexually by
BINARY FISSION or
sexually by
CONJUGATION
 Occupy a diverse
range of moist
habitats.
 Locomotion: cilia or
flagella
 Sporozoans and
Malaria (see handout)
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Amoeba – Feeds by Phagocytosis
The Malarial Parasite's Life Cycle
Plasmodium
The Malarial Parasite's Life Cycle
The Malarial Parasite's Life Cycle
Fungi-like Protists
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Also referred to as Slime
Moulds
Prefer cool, shady, moist
places and are usually
found under fallen leaves
or on rotting logs.
Most fungi-like protists
reproduce sexually
through meiosis and
SPORE FORMATION
The Importance of Protists
Provide the critical
base to most food
webs.
 Zooplankton;
animal-like protists.
 Phytoplankton;
plant-like protists.
 Eg. Algae - 80% of
world’s oxygen
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KINGDOM FUNGI
Kingdom Fungi
Common Examples:
Moulds, yeasts and
mushrooms.
 Heterotrophic
 Saprobes – absorb their
food from decaying
matter
 Bodies of most fungi
consist of hyphae –
threadlike filaments
(attached to a substrate)
 Fungi have cell walls
made of chitin
 Hyphae branch, forming a
tangled mass called
mycelium
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Fungi Reproduction
Asexually:
Fragmentation and
Budding
 Sexually: Spores.
 Often the only visible
portion of the fungi
are its reproductive
structures. (see spore
diagram)
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SPORES
Reproduction
BUDDING
YUMMY!!
One Deadly ‘Shroom!
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Amanita phalloides is
the most poisionous
of all mushrooms.
 Other mushrooms
have hallucinogenic
properties (such as
the drug psilocybin)
important in native
religious rituals in
Central and South
America.
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics:
 Lack mobility
 Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, have tissues
 Photosynthesis
 Cell walls contain cellulose
 May or may not have vascular tissue: tissue
that conducts/transports water and nutrients
(xylem and phloem)
 Plants originated in water and since have been
evolving for life on land
Plant Kingdom
Non-vascular plants
Seedless plants
“naked” seeds
(gymnosperms)
Vascular plants
Seed plants
enclosed seeds
(angiosperms)
Asexual Reproduction
MITOSIS
 Runners, cuttings, grafting etc.
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Sexual Reproduction
~Alternation of Generations~
See Page 435
Sporophyte generation
Gametophyte generation
Diploid = 2 sets of chromosomes
Haploid = 1 Set (gamete)
Similarities and Differences
Between Plants and Fungi
Similarities:
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Cells are eukaryotic
Numerous Organelles
Have cell walls
Most anchored in soil or other substrate
Reproduction can be asexual, sexual, or both
Stationary
Differences:
PLANTS
Most are autotrophs
Starch is the main storage
Most have roots
Have cellulose in cell walls
Some reproduce by seed
FUNGI
Are Heterotrophs
Have few or no storage molecules
Have no roots
Often have chitin in cell walls
None reproduce by seed
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Kingdom Animalia
Cell membrane
 Heterotrophic
 Must coordinate
their activities
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– Avoid predators
– Grow
– Reproduce
Bilateral and Radial Symmetry
– Bilateral symmetry: if one half of a shape is the mirror
image of the other half. Eg. Humans
– Radial symmetry: if shape of one part is repeated a
number of times about a central axis. Eg. Starfish
Invertebrates
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Zoology: study of animal
life
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs that do not
have a notochord
(skeletal rod of
connective tissue that
runs lengthwise along
dorsal surface and
beneath nerve cord).
No backbone.
Worm – Like Animals
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Eg. Tapeworms
Arthropods
Jointed appendages
 Chitin exterior
 Spiders, insects,
crustaceans
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Vertebrates – Internal Skeleton
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Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs that
have a notochord at
some stage in their
life.
Backbone.
Amphibians, Reptiles,
Mammals, Fish, Birds.
Animal Reproduction Stations
Go from station to station and examine
the various specimens.
 Use your text to fill out the worksheet!
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Phylum Cnidaria
Jellyfish Sting!!!
Jellyfish
Sea Anemones
Coral Reefs