Transcript plants – day 4

PLANTS – DAY 4
REPRODUCTIVE MECHANISMS
NATURAL REPRODUCTION – SEED
PLANTS
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Seed plants are called ___________________, a
subdivision of vascular plants
Seed plants have roots, stems, and leaves exhibiting a
huge variety of textures, sizes, shapes odours and
colours; they are the most recently evolved plant group
Have ______________ _______________ that are
NOT dependent on ___________; all ________ ensure
survival of embryos by reducing excessive water loss
SEED PLANTS
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Seed plants have separate
male and female
________________________
tissue
2 types of spermatophytes –
________________________
produce unprotected “naked”
seeds in conelike structures
(conifers) and
________________________
produce seeds that are
enclosed and protected inside
a fruit, formed by various
flower parts
We’ll look at angiosperms
ANGIOSPERM
ANATOMY
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______: female part of flower
________: male part of flower
Pollination occurs when _________(contains sperm
cells)from anther goes to the _______(wind/insects)
_________________________- transfer of pollen
from anther to stigma on same flower
_________________________– transfer of pollen
from anther to stigma on different flowers
ANGIOSPERM REPRODUCTION
•Pollen grains travel down pollen
tube into an _________in an ovary
•Fertilization occurs when pollen
grains (n) fuse with an egg (n) in the
ovule to form a diploid _________
•Zygote grows by ____________to
form an embryo, and the embryo
remains inside the ovule
•The ovule is called a ___________
now that there is an embryo inside
the ovule
SEED DEVELOPMENT
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While changes occur in the
seed, the ovary are
developing into a
__________, which
provides ______________
for seeds and often helps
secure dispersal of the
seeds
As time goes by, mature
fruit falls; under suitable
conditions, fruit
decomposes, seed coat
splits, and
______________ occurs –
embryo grows quickly and
is called a _____________
EMBRYO
SEED
GERMINATION OF SEEDS
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A seed consists of an
___________, _________
to provide nutrients for the
embryo, and a protective
_________________
A growing embryo slowly
forms a root and shoot
structure
Cotyledons often contain all
nutrients needed for embryo
OR there may be additional
nutrient-rich material called
________________
GERMINATION OF SEEDS
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When temperature and moisture
conditions are optimum, seeds
start to __________________
Seed and seed coat absorb
water, embryo grows rapidly
Seed coat ruptures and
__________and ____________
emerge
Root absorbs water and nutrients
and grows downward, shoot
grows upward
Nutrients stored in endosperm
and/or cotyledons support
development until new plant has
enough root surface area
ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION
A: CUTTINGS
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______________________________: is a method of
asexual propagation in which new plants are produced
and multiplied by the use of parts and buds of the
selected mother plants and employing several methods
as cuttings, layering, grafting and budding
Parts of plants are _______ from a _________
_______ and inserted into water, sand, soil-less mixes,
or many possible combinations thereof, where they form
roots and become new plants
Cuttings are ________________ either according to
the plant parts used - as roots, stems, or leaves
CUTTINGS
LEAF
CUTTING
ROOT CUTTING
STEM CUTTING
ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION
B: GRAFTNG
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Grafting encompasses any process whereby a part
(called the ___________) taken from one plant, is
made to unite with and grow upon another plant or
part of a plant (called the ______________).
The scion may be a single bud, a piece of stem (as of a
cactus), or a fragment of root of a desirable variety.
The scion and stock are tied into place
Sealed with grafting wax, tape, or paraffin, to prevent
the evaporation of available moisture.
As the two parts of a graft grow together they are said
to form a “___________’’.
To graft 2 organisms (plant), they must be of the same
_____________
GRAFTING
SCION
ROOTSTOCK
DID YOU KNOW?
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John Macintosh discovered an apple tree in 1811in
Dundas County, Ontario- _____________________!!
Mac seeds were saved and planted, but offspring
always were a disappointment – inferior apples
Scions from Mac tree attached to other root stocks from
different apple trees in 1835
All tissues, including the fruit, _____________________
are genetically identical to Mac tree, resulting trees
produced desired apples!
ALL Macintosh apples sold today come from grafts of
the original tree found