Transcript Plant notes - BiologyGerlach

Plant Unit
Mrs. Gerlach
2010-2011
Classifying Plants
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Non-vascular: have no vessels, no roots, no
stems, or leaves.
– Example: Mosses and Liverworts
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Vascular: have vessels to transport food and
water. They have roots, stems, and leaves.
– Example: Grass, corn, trees, flowers, and bushes
Adaptations to land
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Waxy layer
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Deep roots
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Vascular tissue
Classifying Plants
Continued
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Vascular Tissue
– Xylem: transports water
– Phloem: transports food
Classifying Plants Continued
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Two types of Plants
– Gymnosperms
– Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
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“naked seeds”
Cone bearing plants (plants grow on
cones)
Needle like leaves
Usually stay green year round
Wind pollinated
Example: pine trees and evergreens
Angiosperms
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Flowering plants
Seeds are enclosed in a fruit
Most pollinated by birds and bees
Have finite growing seasons
Examples: grasses, tulips, oaks,
dandelions
Broken down into two groups
Monocot vs. Dicot
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Monocots
– 1 seed leaf (cotyledon)
– Parallel veins on leaves
– Leaves are narrow
– Flowers in multiples of three
– Fibrous roots
– Vascular bundles scattered through stem
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Dicots
– 2 seed leaves (cotyledons)
– Branching veins
– Leaves broader
– Flowers in multiples of 4 or 5
– Tap root
– Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Parts of a Plant: Roots
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Functions of Roots
– Absorbs water and minerals
– Anchors the plant
– In potatoes and carrots-stores food
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Root cap
– Protects the growing root tip
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Root hairs
– Absorption of water and nutrients
Parts of a Plant: Stems
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Functions of Stems
– Supports the plant
– Transports water through xylem
– Transports food through phloem (translocation)
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Two types
– Herbaceous
– woody
Parts of a Plant: Leaves
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Functions of the Leaves
– Convert sunlight into food
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Photosynthesis
– Equation (CO2 + H2OC6H12O6 + 602)
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Transpiration: loss of water through
the leaves
Leaves Continued
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Stomata: pores within
the leaf that open to
let CO2 in and O2 out
Guard Cells: Regulate
movement of gases
and water through
leaves
Cuticle: waxy
converting on leaf that
prevents water loss
Parts of a Plant: Flower
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Functions
– Reproductive organ
of the plant
A Plant is Like . . . . .
 Booklet Foldable
 Title Page
 For each of the four plant
parts you will need three
comparisons.
 One complete sentence
describing the function in your own
words.
 At least one illustration per page –
drawn or cut from magazine.
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Plant Reproduction
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Flower parts (on board)
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Sexual Reproduction
– Pollen produced by stamen, transferred
by wind or animals, lands in the ovary,
ovary develops into a fruit, fruits are
dispersed, seed will open when right
conditions.
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Asexual reproduction
– self-pollinations
– Or, some plants send out runners or new
pieces can form a new plant
Plant Growth
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Germination: when a seed sprouts
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Only grow at the meristem (ends of stems
and roots)
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Primary growth: taller
Secondary growth: wider
Tree Rings: each ring in one year of plant
growth
Types of Growth patterns
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Perennials:
– live several years
– reproduce many times
– Woody plants
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Annuals
– Completes life cycle in one year
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Grows, flowers, reproduces, and dies
Biannuals
– Completes life cycle in two years
Minerals that aid in growth
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Nitrogen
– Protein
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Phosphorus
– Energy
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Potassium
– Balance and stomata/guard cell opening
Environmental Influences
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Tropism: response in which a plant
grows towards or away from a
stimulus
– Phototropism: light is stimulus
– Gravitropism: gravity is stimulus
– Thigmotropism: touch is stimulus