Transcript plant - NCSscience

+
Warm-up
 Turn
to the next two pages in your
interactive notebooks.
 Label
the Left page “Major Plant Groups
Investigation” and date
 Label
the Right page “Major Plant Groups”
and date
+
The Plant Kingdom:
Major Plant Groups
+
Major Plant Groups
 One
of the major traits used to classify
plants is the presence or absence of
vascular tissue.
 Vascular tissue conducts water and other
materials in some plants.
 Two types of vascular tissue:
 Xylem and Phloem
 Plants that have vascular tissue are
called vascular plants.
 Plants that do not have vascular tissue
are called nonvascular plants.
+  Another important trait in classifying plants is
whether they produce seeds.
 All nonvascular plants are seedless and
reproduce by producing gametes in one
stage of their life and spores in another
stage.
 Some vascular plants reproduce by gametes
and spores and others gametes and seeds.

Plants can be divided into three major
categories:
 Nonvascular Plants
 Seedless Vascular Plants
 Seeded Vascular Plants
+
Plants
Nonvascular Plants
Mosses
Liverworts
Vascular Plants
Hornworts
Seedless Plants
Seed Plants
Gymnosperms
Club Mosses
Horsetails
Ferns
Angiosperms
+

Nonvascular Plants
 In nonvascular plants, water and other
materials are transported by diffusion.
 Characteristics of nonvascular plants:
 Fairly short
 Parts that look like roots, stems, or
leaves, but since they have no
vascular tissue, they cannot have
these organs.
 Inefficient conducting systems restrict
these plants to living near water or in
shady places.
+

Examples of nonvascular plants:
 Mosses
 True mosses belong to a group called
bryophytes.
 Structures that resemble roots and leaves.
 Typical moss consists of two sections
• The lower part, the rhizoid, is a
rootlike and anchors the plants
and absorbs water and minerals.
These are always present. This is
a green, leafy part.
• The upper part, the stalk, is
involved in producing spores
and are not always present.
+
Have two stages of growth
• Gametes needed for sexual
reproduction are produced
on the green leafy part of the
plant.
• Water is necessary for
fertilization
 Sphagnum is a type of moss, also
known as peat moss, that is useful to
humans

+

Liverworts and Hornworts
 Named for their shapes that resemble:
livers and horns.
 –wort comes from an Old English
word that means “plant or herb.”
 These small and flattened plants live
in moist, shaded areas.
 Like mosses, they have thin leafy
structures attached by rhizoids, and
transport water by diffusion.
 A good place to find them is along a
forest stream on rocks and they
frequently grow among mosses.
+  Seedless Vascular Plants
 Vascular
plants are capable of growing taller and
living in drier areas.
 Seedless vascular plants still rely on water more
than the seed-producing plants.
 Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants
 Club Mosses and Horsetails
 One type of club moss is ground pine, which
has been used in past Christmas decorations
and its spores were used as flash powder in
early photography.
 Horsetails have silica in some of their cell
walls, and are abrasive. American Pioneers
used these plants to scour pots and pans.
These plants have also been used in “folk
cures” and sometimes for food.
+
 Ferns
 Fern
leaves are called Fronds.
 Come in shapes resembling deer
antlers, snake tongues, four-leaf
clovers, and fans.
 The Boston fern is the most familiar
type.
 Fronds are attached to an
underground stem called a rhizome.
+
Warm UP: Finish answering the following questions
in your interactive notebooks.
 What
structures conduct materials in leaves?
 What
is the key component of plant cell walls?
 Are
chloroplasts the only type of plastid found in
plant cells? Explain your answer
 Which
 Name
is older, the heartwood or sapwood?
the cell type that is extremely long, tapered,
and strong?
+
 Roots
grow from the rhizome into the
soil
 As fronds emerge from the rhizome,
they first appear as tight coils.
 Young fronds are called crosiers or
fiddleheads.
 Spores are produced on the lower
surface of many fronds.
+  Seed Plants
 Seed
plants do not rely on water for
reproduction.
 Can be found in both wet and dry
environments.
 Reproduce by seeds and not spores.
 Seeds vs. Spores
 Spores are tiny, single-celled, with few
energy reserves and only a cell wall to
protect them.
 Seeds are multicellular and contain a young
plant called an embryo and usually have
abundant energy reserves and one or more
barriers to protect them from the
environment.
+ Two main types of seeds:
 Gymnosperm
and Angiosperm
 Gymnosperm means “naked seed”
 Include: pine, spruce, gingko trees,
and cycads.
 Most common gymnosperms are the
conifers.
 Angiosperm means “covered seed”
 Seeds produced on these plants are
completely surrounded by a
protective covering called a fruit.
 Fruits develop from flowers.