Transcript Roots and Stems - Effingham County Schools

Roots and Stems
What are roots and stems and why do plants have
them?
Parts of a Root
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7
7
Made of
Xylem and Phloem
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2
1
8
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3
6
4
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Root Hairs
Root Hairs
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Root hairs increase the surface area for
absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
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Made from epidermal cells.
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Found above the meristem
Root Cap
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The protective covering of the root
Protects the apical meristem as it moves
through the ground.
Meristem

Tissue that contains undifferentiated cells.
Apical Meristem
(Apex = tip)
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Located above the root cap.

Increases the length of the plant.
Lateral Meristems
(Lateral = side)
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Responsible for secondary growth (width).
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Primary cause of tree rings.
What are the two types of roots?
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Taproots and Fibrous
Roots
Taproots:

Single, thick
primary root.
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Can penetrate as
far down as 60
meters.

Anchors the plant
very securely.

Can plumb deep
water sources and
store nutrients.
Fibrous Roots
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Small branching roots.
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No taproot.
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Increases surface area.
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Does not anchor as securely.
Function of roots:
Uptake of Water and Minerals
Anchor the plant
Stems
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Possible functions of stems:

Supports leaves, flowers, and fruits
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Conducts water, nutrients and products of
photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.
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Xylem and phloem in the stem
Can store water


Tree branches
Ex: cacti
Can be responsible for asexual reproduction.

Stem cuttings