Transcript 1321457517plant_classification[1]

Plant Classification
Emily Quaill
Bryophyta: Mosses
group of plant- Seedless Nonvascular
characteristics• Emerald green color, some look like a clump of grass
• Tolerant of harsh weather conditions
• Absorb water and nutrients directly
• Rely on free-standing water to reproduce
habitat- Damp environments close to the ground, or surfaces
such as tree trunks because of rhizoids
how they reproduce- Spores
examples- peat moss, polytrichum commune
*Mosses are the most common nonvascular plant.
Hepatophyta: Liverworts
group of plant- Seedless Nonvascular
characteristics• Thallose Liverworts-lobes of liver fat on the ground
• Leafy Liverworts-stemlike and leaflike structures, most
often arranged in rows of three
• Get moisture directly from the surface of the soil
habitat- Damp environments such as wet rocks
how they reproduce- Spores
examples- Marchantia polymorpha, Scapania paludicola
* Though Thallose Liverworts are easier to find, Leafy
Liverworts are much more common
Anthocerophyta: Hornworts
group of plant- Seedless Nonvascular
characteristics• The main plant body has a flat, lobed appearance similar to
thallose liverworts
• Little green horns rise above the flat plant body
• Grow low to the ground to get nutrients and water
habitat- Tropical forests and along stream around the world
how they reproduce- Spores
examples- Coontail, Rigid hornwort
* The little green horns that rise above the flat plant body
actually produce the spores.
Lycophyta: Club Mosses
group of plant- Seedless Vascular
characteristics• Depend on water for reproduction
• Grows up off the ground
• Look like tiny pine trees "ground pines"
habitat- Cooler temperate areas in northern regions
how they reproduce- Spores
examples- Stagehorn, Foxtail
* They belong to the oldest living group of vascular plants.
Pterophyta: Ferns
group of plant- Seedless Vascular
characteristics• Horsetails- tan, rough leaves that grow in whorls around a
tubular stem; contain silica
• Ferns have large leaves called fronds
• Need water to reproduce
habitat- Ferns: tropics, Horsetails: wetland areas
how they reproduce- Spores
examples- Whisk ferns, horsetails
Ferns are the most successful survivors of the Carboniferous
period with about 12,000 species alive today.
Cycadophyta: Cycads
group of plant- Cone Bearing Seed
characteristics• Look like palm trees with large cones, provided food for
dinosaurs
• Slow growth
• Large, stiff evergreen leaves
habitat- Tropical areas in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and
Australia
how they reproduce- Gymnosperm
examples- Cycas rumphii, Cycas revoluta
Huge forests of cycads grew during the Mesozoic era, 248
million to 65 million years ago.
Ginkophyta: Ginkgoes
group of plant- Cone Bearing Seed
characteristics• Fan-shaped leaves that start out green and change into a
golden color
• Slow reproduction rate, and slow growth
• Large seed size
habitat- Along streams around the world
how they reproduce- Gymnosperm
example- Ginkge biloba
Native to China and survived cultivation by Buddhist monks
since the year 1100.
Coniferophyta: Conifers
group of plant- Cone Bearing Seed
characteristics• Grow quickly, tall, and old
• Needle-like leaves
• All year round trees, well adapted to poor soil, high
altitudes, and sloping hillsides
habitat- All around the world
how they reproduce- Gymnosperm
examples- Pines, Cedars, and Junipers
A bristlecone pine in California is the oldest tree at 4700 years
old.
Anthophyta: Flowering Plants
group of plant- Flowering Seed
characteristics• Have flowers that contain seeds
• Endosperm is within the seeds
• Have fruit that contain the seeds
habitat- Most forests, grasslands,and terrestrial areas
how they reproduce- Angiosperm
examples- Marigold, Petunia, Apple Tree
The most diverse of all land plants, and are about 90% of the
Kingdom Plantae.