Transcript 8.2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts 8.3 Ferns and their

8.2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts
8.3 Ferns and their Relatives
Nonvascular Plants
• All nonvascular
plants are lowgrowing plants that
lack vascular tissue.
• Vascular tissue is a
system of tube like
structures that
transport water and
other materials.
Nonvascular Plants
• These plants cannot grow very wide
or tall; nonvascular plants are small
and grow low to the ground.
Moss Gametophyte
Moss Sporophyte
Nonvascular Plants
• lack roots, must obtain
water and minerals
directly from
surroundings
• live where water is
plentiful
• even nonvascular plants
that live in drier areas
need enough water for
reproduction.
Mosses
• most diverse group
of nonvascular
plants
• Have structures
that LOOK like
leaves and stems
(but they aren’t!)
Mosses
• Don’t have
roots, but thin
root-like
structures
called rhizoids
anchor the
moss and
absorb water
and nutrients
from the soil.
Liverworts and Hornworts
• Liverworts are named
for the shape of the
plant’s body, which
looks somewhat like a
human liver.
Liverworts and Hornworts
• found growing on moist rocks or soil
along the sides of a stream. Most grow
flat along the ground
Liverworts and Hornworts
• The hornlike
sporophytes give
these plants their
names.
• live in moist soil,
often mixed in with
grass plants.
Characteristics of Seedless
Vascular Plants
• Ferns and their
relatives have
vascular tissue and
use spores to
reproduce.
• Vascular plants
are better suited to
life on land than
are nonvascular
plants.
Characteristics of Seedless
Vascular Plants
• Vascular tissue
transports water and
food quickly and
efficiently throughout
the plant’s body.
• strengthens the plant’s
body
Characteristics of Seedless
Vascular Plants
•Ferns, club mosses,
and horsetails still
need to grow in
moist
surroundings
because they use
spores for
reproduction.
Ferns
•Ferns have true stems,
roots, and leaves.
•Roots are structures
that anchor the fern to
the ground and absorb
water and nutrients
from the soil.
Ferns
•The fern’s leaves are
called fronds.
•developing leaves are
coiled at first and they
resemble the top of a
violin, so they are
often called
fiddleheads.
Ferns
•On the underside
of mature fronds,
spores develop in
tiny spore cases
called sori.
Club Mosses and Horsetails
•Club mosses and horsetails have
true leaves, stems, and roots.
•few species survive today
Club Mosses and Horsetails
•The stems of
horsetails are
jointed. Long,
coarse,
needlelike
branches grow in
a circle around
each joint.