Transcript Gorilla gorillas

Unit 3 Primates
Chapter 14
Primate Patterns
What are primates?
• Live in tropical
climates
• South America
• Africa
• Asia
6 distinguishing traits
• 1. 5 digit hands w/
opposable thumb
• 2. Nonspecialization (no
flippers, claws, etc)
• 3. Limb flexibility (rotate
arms, hands 180
degrees)
• 4. Nails rather than
claws
• 5. Visual acuity (needed
for arboreal species,
smell less important the
higher you go)
• Frontally directed eyes
• Stereoscopic (3D)
vision
• Color vision (animals fly
or live in trees)
• 6. Upright posture
Primate classifications
Old world vs. New world
• Old world
• Africa and Asia
• Prosimians- ancestors
of modern primates
• Small, nocturnal,
arboreal, eat veggies
and insects
• Apes- from old world
monkeys
• Gibbons, orangutans,
gorillas, chimp,
bonobos, humans
• New world monkeys
• Evolved after
prosimians
• Larger skulls
• Greater intelligence
• Full color, 3D vision
Evolutionary relationships of
great apes
Characteristics that distinguish
apes from monkeys
• 1. No tail
• 2. Arms longer than legs
• 3. Family Pongidae
– Gorilla = Gorilla gorillas
– Orangutan = Pongo pygmaeus
– Chimpanzee = Pan troglodytes
– Bonobo = Pan paniscus
Prosimians- first primates to
evolve
•
•
•
•
•
Creepers (slow)
Lorises
Nocturnal
Arboreal
Eat foul smelling and
bad tasting insects
• Solitary
• Small body, large eyes
• Leapers
• Lemurs
• Diurnal (active
during day)
• Madagascar
• Long ringed tail
• Live in troops ~25
• Trees and ground
•
•
•
•
Lemurs cont.
Female dominance
Males migrate
Females prefer less
dominant males
• Scent markings and
calls
• Genitals swell during
estrus
• 4 month gestation
New world monkeys
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Callers
Howler monkeys
Arboreal
Diurnal
Rainforest
Eat leaves
Prehensile tail
• Howler monkeys
cont.
• Slow moving
• Loud calls by males
• Groups of 3-20
• Division of labor
• Squabblers
• Squirrel monkeys
• White faces, dark
eyes, dark mouth
• Tails not prehensile
• Diurnal
• Very active
• Squirrel monkeys
cont.
• Large multimale
troops
• Rainforest
• Eat fruits, flowers,
insects
• One offspring/year
Old world monkeys
• Lookers
• Guenons (Blue
monkeys)
• Africa, jungle
• Arboreal
• Small
• Omnivores
• Blue monkeys cont.
• Troops ~20
• One dominant male,
many females
• Low pitch
communication
• Concealed estrus
• Many diff facial and
body markings
• Diff species Guenons
can interbreed
•
•
•
•
Walkers
Savanna baboons
Ground dwelling
Largest monkey
species (150 lb males)
• Sexual dimorphism
• Females much smaller
• Dagger like canines
•
•
•
•
Baboons cont.
Live in troops ~30-50
Open grasslands
Travel and forage, eat
whatever
• Diurnal
• Bare tissue on rear is
callused
• Do not build nests
• Baboons cont.
• Dominance hierarchy
involving teamwork and
social maneuvering by
males
• Female rank
determined by mother
• Social bonds w/
grooming
• Alpha male directs
movement
• Adolescent males leave
to find own troop
• Baboons cont.
• Females genitals swell
during estrus and scent
pheromones released
• Females present rump
to males
• All primates have a
period
• 28 days
• Babies evoke interest in
members, help care for