Transcript Chapter 7 How are Plants Classified

Chapter 7
How are Plants Classified
Plants Trivia
What percent of a raw apple is water?
84%
What percent of a cucumber is water?
96%
How many kernels are on an average ear of
corn?
800 kernels
Brainstorming Time!
With a partner, answer the following questions and WRITE
down what you come up with! You will have
approximately 15 minutes to do this (and do it WELL!)
You will be sharing your thoughts!
1. List some characteristics of all plants?
2. How do humans use plants?
3. List as many different types of plants you
can think of!!! (hopefully your list is long)
4. On the blank paper, draw a plant of your
choice and label its parts/structures!
Put the following plants in order from most
primitive (1) to most advanced (5).
4
3
2
5
1
All Plants…
1. Are multicellular!
2. Have rigid cell walls (made of cellulose)
3. Have chloroplasts in their cells for
photosynthesis!
• Photosynthesis:
Water + Carbon Dioxide  glucose + oxygen
C6H12O6
Kingdom Plantae is Divided into 2
Groups:
• Tracheophytes (advanced)
– Are vascular plants
• have transport tubes
– Larger
– Flowers, trees, shrubs, ferns
• Bryophytes (primative)
– Are non-vascular plants
• no transport tubes
– small
– Moss, liverworts, hogworts
Tracheophytes vs. Bryophytes
Bryophytes
•
•
•
•
Most Primitive Pants
Small!
“pioneer plants”
Examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Liverworts, Hornworts
(Examples of Bryophytes)
• Liverwort
– Marchantia
• Hornwort
WARM-UP (Review)
What are 3 distinguishing characteristics of ALL plants?
•
Multicellular, cell walls, chloroplasts
The kingdom Plantae is divided into what 2 groups?
•
Tracheophytes and Bryophytes
What are the two main differences between those 2 plant
groups?
•
Vascularity (transport tubes)
What group do mosses belong to?
•
Bryophyte
List the two phases of the moss life cycle?
•
•
Spore-Producing Phase
Gamete-Producing Phase
Ferns
• Oldest Tracheophyte!
• Feather-like leaves
• Reproduces by spores
Fern Structure
Fern Life Cycle
Spore-Producing
Phase
Gamete-Producing
Phase
Let’s take a closer look at this life
cycle!
• Dissection microscope – sori on underside
of leaves
• Regular microscope – gametophyte
Gymnosperms
• Tracheophyte
– Has vascular tissue!
• Means uncovered, exposed/naked seeds
Seed: reproductive structure of a plant. Contains own
food for its growth.
• Woody stems
• Examples:
– Conifers (pine trees)
– Gingkos
– Cycads
Types of Gymnosperms
Conifers
(Produce cones)
Ex- Pine, Spruce
Ginkgos
(Fan-like leaves)
*Grow-well! Even in Pollution!
Cycads
(Tropical, large leaves)
Here’s something you may not
know….
• The needles on conifers are modified leaves.
They still need to photosynthesis and exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide with the
environment.
• If you look at the underside of the needles, you
can see the little holes.
• Conifers can be identified by looking at the
patterns of these holes on needles!
Warm-Up
• List as many angiosperms (flowering
plants) as you can!
Here’s a start…
Angiosperms
• Flowering plants! 
• Largest plant group!
– 250,000 diff. types
• All have flowers and seeds!
• Tracheophytes (most advanced!)
– Vascularity (transport tubes) HIGHLY DEVELOPED!
– True roots, stems, and leaves
• Examples:
– Grasses, oak tree, tulip, corn
Seeds are Protected by Fruit
(not naked like the Gymnosperms)
• Angiosperms are seed plants (produce
seeds to reproduce)
• Seeds are enclosed in a fruit
• Many types of fruits!
Did You Know…
These are all fruits too!
SEED
SEED
SEED
SEED
Angiosperms can either be…
Monocot or Dicot
• Monocot – flowering plant with
one cotyledon in its seeds
• Dicot – flowering plant with two
cotyledons in its seeds
• Cotyledon – leaf-like structure
inside a seed that contains food
for the developing plant.
You can see the difference in
cotyledon # two ways!
• Look at seeds
• Look at sprout structure!
Monocot vs. Dicot Chart