Transcript The Plant Kingdom

Kingdom Plantae
What’s a plant?
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Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Cells walls made of cellulose
Develop from multicellular embryos
Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll a
and b pigments
autotrophs
Plant Life Cycle
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Alternations of generations
Plants cycle between the haploid
(gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte)
The Plant Kingdom
Green algae are thought
to have given rise to the
“higher” plants.
They have the same
pigments,
storage products, and
cell-wall
type. Also, many of
them live
in fresh water…
The different plants
selected
for adaptations that
allowed
them to exploit more
of the
terrestrial regions…
Things plants need to survive
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Sunlight
Water and minerals
Gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out)
Movement of water and nutrients
The Plant Kingdom
Non- vascular plants
(Bryophytes)
Bryophytes
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Life cycles depend on water for reproduction
All live in moist areas
Lack vascular tissue
Draw up water by osmosis
Live only a few centimeters above ground
No seeds produced
Ex. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Bryophytes
Vascular plants
Seedless vascular plants, seed plants
Vascular plants are different b/c
• The vascular tissue system is responsible for
transport of water, minerals, sugars, and plant
hormones.
• Plants also produce lignin – makes cell walls rigid
2 Main Types of Vascular Tissue
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Xylem – moves water and minerals from
roots all parts
Phloem – transports nutrients and carbs
made during photosynthesis, also hormones
Seedless Vascular Plants
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Most basic plant type with vascular tissue
True roots, leaves and stems
Use spores for reproduction
Ex. Ferns, horsetails
Ferns and Their Relatives
Seed Plants
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Classified as gymnosperms or angiosperms
Seed formation allows reproduction without
water
Plants make cones or flowers
Sperm is transferred during pollination
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Male gametophyte – pollen grain
Embryo is protected in a seed, seed provides
food and keeps embryo from drying out
Gymnosperms
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Cone- bearers
Reproduction takes place in cones produced by
a mature sporophyte plant
Produce 2 types of cones: pollen (male) and
seed (female)
Exs gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes, and
conifers
Gymnosperms
The Plant Kingdom – Reproduction
Gymnosperms:
Angiosperms
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Flowering plants
Flowers
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reproductive organs
contain ovaries that surround/protect seed
After pollination the flower develops into a
fruit
Grouped as monocots and dicots
Dicots and Monocots
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Named for number of seed leaves (cotyledons)
in the plant embryo
Monocots vs. Dicots
Monocots
Dicots
 1 cotyledon seed
 2 cotyledon seed
 Flower petals in
 Flower petals in
multiples of 3
multiples of 4 or 5
 Parallel veined leaves
 Branch veined leaves
 Vascular bundles
 Vascular bundles as a
distributed through out a
ring in stem
stem
 Taproot
 Fibrous roots
The Plant Kingdom – Angiosperm Reproduction
The Plant Kingdom – Angiosperm Reproduction
The Plant Kingdom – Angiosperm Reproduction