Transcript KINGDOM PLANTAE

KINGDOM PLANTAE
CHAPTERS 27-31
CHARACTERISTICS
• Autotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular,
primarily diploid but some triploid
(corn)
• Plant-like protists (algae) is the link to
plants
STRUCTURE OF A PLANT
Roots:
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anchor plant
absorb water and
nutrients from soil
storage in some
Root cap to protect root
during growth
Leaves:
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capturing sunlight for
photosynthesis
gas exchange: CO2 in
and O2 out through
stomata
Stems:
transport of water and
nutrients between leaves
and root
Plant vascular tissue:
• xylem: transports
water and nutrients
from the soil to the
rest of the plant
• phloem: carries
organic materials
(such as glucose) to
the rest of the plant
PLANT DIVERSITY:
increasing in complexity
•
Non Vascular (bryophytes): lacks vascular
tissue so it must remain small to transport
materials
moss
liverwort
hornwort
Vascular
Seedless: uses spores to reproduce
whisk fern
horsetail
club
moss
tree fern
Vascular
Gymnosperms (naked seed plants)
Conifers
Cycads
Gingkoes
Vascular
Angiosperms (flowering/fruit
bearing seed plants)
Non-vascular
non-seed vascular
naked seed vascular
flowering vascular
Cladograms
• A cladogram is a family tree based on
shared physical characteristics.
– A cladogram is does not show phylogeny but
phylogeny can often be inferred.
– A branching point would give a best guess as
to what to look for in a common ancestor.
Making a cladogram
1. Make a chart with all the characteristic
you will be looking at.
2. Group species in nested Ven-diagram.
3. Transfer Ven-Diagram to tree.