Transcript (b).

2009
Life Science (Biology), Grades 3–
5
• Characteristics of Plants and Animals
• Structures and Functions
• Adaptations of Living Things
• Energy and Living Things
Characteristics of Plants and Animals
1. Classify plants and animals according to the
physical characteristics that they share.
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
Sort plant and animal pictures based on physical
characteristics.
Use a dichotomous key to identify plants and animal.
Structures and Functions
2. Identify the structures in plants (leaves, roots,
flowers, stem, bark, wood) that are responsible for
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food production
support
water transport
nutrient transport
reproduction
growth
protection
Observe-plant/pollinator interaction
seed dispersal methods.
Study maple trees and go maple
sugaring.
Identify the structures in the maple
tree and their functions.
3. Recognize that plants and animals go through
predictable life cycles that include
birth
growth
Grow plants from seed. Document
development
the complete life cycle of the plant.
reproduction
death.
Describe emergence of structures
and the functions of these structures.
Record changes in height over time.
Graph the data.
• 4. Describe the major stages that characterize the
life cycle of the frog and butterfly as they go
through metamorphosis.
• Using either live organisms or pictures/models,
observe the changes in form that occur during the life
cycle of a butterfly or frog.
Adaptations of Living Things
5. Differentiate between observed
• characteristics of plants and animals that are fully
inherited
(e.g., color of flower, shape of leaves, color of eyes,
number of appendages)
• characteristics that are affected by the climate or
environment
(e.g., browning of leaves due to too much sun,
language spoken).
• Make frequency tables of the number of students with
certain inherited physical traits,
e.g., eye color, hair color, earlobe free or attached.
6. Give examples of how inherited characteristics may
change over time as adaptations to changes in the
environment that enable organisms to survive
e.g., shape of beak or feet, placement of eyes on head,
length of neck, shape of teeth, color.
• Compare and contrast the physical characteristics of
plants or animals from widely different environments
(e.g., desert vs. tropical plants
aquatic vs. terrestrial animals).
• Explore how each is adapted to its environment.
7. Give examples of how changes in the environment
(drought, cold) have caused some plants and animals
to die or move to new locations (migration).
• Investigate how invasive species out-compete native
plants (e.g., phragmites and purple loosestrife).
• Discuss how some native plants die as a result.
8. Describe how organisms meet some of their needs in an
environment by using behaviors (patterns of activities) in
response to information (stimuli) received from the environment.
*Recognize that some animal behaviors are instinctive (e.g., turtles
burying their eggs), and others are learned (e.g., humans building
fires for warmth, chimpanzees learning how to use tools).
 Discuss how newly born sea turtles find their way to the ocean.
 Discuss how pets are trained to learn new tricks.
 Discuss how migrating birds navigate.
 Discuss the actions that coastal species take to adjust to the changing
levels of the tide.
 Observe an earthworm placed on top of soil in a container that is
exposed to light.
 Discuss how its ability to sense light helps it survive (by burrowing)
and how its structure allows it to burrow through soil.
9. Recognize plant behaviors, such as the way seedlings’
stems grow toward light and their roots grow
downward in response to gravity.
*Recognize that many plants and animals can survive
harsh environments because of seasonal behaviors,
e.g., in winter, some trees shed leaves, some animals
hibernate, and other animals migrate.
• Set a germinating bean in a glass filled with water next to
an asymmetric source of light.
• Allow the root and stem to grow a few inches. Rotate the
bean so that the roots are now touching the water at an
angle and the stem is away from the light source. Observe
how the root system and stem respond to this change by
changing their direction of growth
10. Give examples of how organisms can cause changes
in their environment to ensure survival.
*Explain how some of these changes may affect the
ecosystem.
 Discuss the importance of wetlands to human survival.
 Investigate how an invasive species changes an
ecosystem.
 Research local projects where humans are changing the
environment to ensure a species’ survival.
Energy and Living Things
11.Describe how energy derived from the sun is used
by plants to produce sugars (photosynthesis) and
is transferred within a food chain from producers
(plants) to consumers to decomposers.
• Make a food chain. Begin with the sun as the source
of energy and end with decomposers. Create links
that show the relationships of plants and animals in
the chain.
• Show the direction of the flow of energy.
• Discuss results if various links in the chain are broken.
• The four pictures below
show how a pond
environment changed from
1900 to 2000.Which of the
following processes was
most directly responsible
for the changes that
occurred in the pond
environment?
»
»
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A. freezing
B. evaporation
C. sediment deposition
D. chemical weathering
• Which of the following best describes a
role of mushrooms in ecosystems?
• A. capturing energy from sunlight
• B. consuming living plant material
• C. service as food for human
• D. breaking down dead plant material
• Which of the following statement is not
true for H1N1 virus?
• (A) It is composed of cells
• (B) It is able to infect swine
• (C) It is a new strain of Influenza virus
• (D) It has been reported of sever
pneumonia cases on infected patient.
• List three ways to reduce the spread of
influenza infection
• Population growth pattern of bacteria is very important in a
fermentation industry. If an Erlenmeyer flask containing
nutrient broth was inoculated by a certain amount of bacterial
cells (No) at To, after a certain period of time the bacteria will
show a specific growth curve.
• In the beginning of growth (To – T1) the cells are under
adaptation phase.
• After adaptation phase, cells start to multiply by binary fission
process. Each cell will divide, and become two cells.
• In a closed system where the nutrient supply is limited, the
population of dividing cells will become relatively the same
amount with the dead cells (T2 – T3).
• After T3 the amount of dead cells will be higher than the living
ones, then eventually all cells will die.
•
The growth curve (N in logarithmic scale) from the above
description is:
• The plant structures (the sketch is not the
real size).
• Fill in a box for appropriate plant’s organs
of:
• 1. Monocots :
• 2.Dicots :
The picture below shows a terrarium ecosystem, with four (4) processes
occurring in it which are symbolized by I to IV.
From the picture, process II involves :
II
I
III
IV
A. Heat Energy
B. Light Energy
C. Chemical
Energy
D. Chemical
cycling
• Every organism consists of cells.
• 1. Select correct group of organisms listed in the
Table 2 below and match it with Figure 2a and 2b
• Avian Influenza or ‘bird flu’ is a contagious
disease of animal caused by viruses that
normally infect only bird and less commonly
pigs. Avian Influenza viruses are highly
species-specific, but have, on rare occasion,
crossed the species barrier to infect humans.
• Avian Influenza viruses have 16 H (H1 – H16)
subtypes x 9 N (N1 – N9) subtypes. Among
them are known to cause highly pathogenic
form of the diseases. However, not all the
subtypes of the viruses are highly pathogenic
and not all will cause severe disease in
poultry.
• 1. Based on current understanding, viruses are introduced
to poultry flock in their low pathogenic form. Allowing them
to circulate in poultry population within few months,
usually the viruses undergo mutation into a highly
pathogenic form. The virus subtype that we (human) are
most concerned about, are: ……., and ……..
• 2 .Is the virus transmitted easily from birds to humans ?
• A. Yes, avian influenza virus is easily transmitted to
human, especially in chicken farms area
• B. Yes, avian influenza virus can be transmitted from
chickens/bird to human, because human and
chickens/bird posses the same virus receptor
• C. No, because human does not have the particular virus
receptor
• D. No, because only relatively small number of people is
infected compared to the significant number of infected
chickens and birds
• 15. In general, plants have a much larger
surface area/volume ratio. What is the main
reason for this?
• (A) The advantages of having a larger body
surface in plants are correlated to the area of
light absorption.
• (B) Plants, in general, are bigger than animals.
• (C) Animals need a larger volume in order to
store water.
• (D) Animals have more complex chemical
substances in their bodies.
• 16. The organic pesticides were developed in the
1940s. Their effectiveness against crop diseases
surprised everybody at the time. On the other hand,
their high persistence in the environment resulted,
after a period of time, in a large incidence of
mortality of birds, which didn't come into direct
contact with these products. This fact is related to
the ecological concept of trophic magnification which
means:
• (A) Degeneration of the food chain.
• (B) Accumulation of toxic residues in the large
animals, because those consume larger quantities of
food.
• (C) Gradual increase in the concentration of the toxic
products at every trophic stage in the food chain.
• (D) A larger resistance of the animals of lower trophic
levels to the toxicity of those products in relation to
animals in upper trophic levels.
• 17.Water plays an important role in biology.
Indicate the option that presents the correct
affirmative about this liquid.
• (A) The metabolic activity of a cell is directly
related to its hydration condition.
• (B) Water living beings obtain oxygen needed for
their respiration from water molecules.
• (C) The terrestrial living beings do not depend
on water for their reproduction, respiration and
metabolism.
• (D) Water dissolves only cellular molecules, but
does not participate in the cellular metabolic
activities.
• 18. The majority of the energy used in the planet
today is produced by burning fossil fuels. The
Kyoto protocol, an international agreement that
includes the decrease in the emission of CO2
and other gases, demonstrate the present
preoccupation with the environment. The excess
of fossil fuel burning can have as consequences:
• (A) Increase in acid rains and increase in the
ozone layer.
• (B) Increase in the greenhouse effect and the
level of the oceans.
• (C) Global temperature decrease and increase
in the levels of oceans.
• (D) Destruction of the ozone layer and decrease
of the greenhouse effect.
• 19. One of the problems in the use of solar energy as
an alternative energy source is the difficulty in storing
that energy. Some group of living beings developed
the capacity of storing that energy in organic
compounds to use in their metabolic processes.
• The process of storing this energy and example of
groups that can perform it are, respectively:
• The figure shown below is the food-network of
a community. Which one of the following
consumers, if it becomes extinct, will make the
most significant impact on this ecosystem?
(A) Lizards
(B) Snakes
(C) Eagles
(D) Rats
• For several years, Mr. Tu had continuously been
applying a certain amount of X-pesticide on the field
for reducing the damage of pests on rice production.
For each year, he counted pests found in the rice field
by numbers/m2 and plotted the results shown in
Figure
• According to the above observation, Mr. Tu
concluded that the X-pesticide was very
effective in the earlier years, but, it gradually
became ineffective in later years. Based on the
above information, please answer the following
questions.
• III-3-A
• By examining the data shown in Fig., which
year was the first year for applying X-pesticide?
• III-3-B
• Which one of the following statements matches Mr. Tu’s
conclusion?
• (a) Mutations happened in Mr. Tu’s rice plants and the
mutated rice plants attracted a large quantity of various
other pests to come.
• (b) A pesticide-resistant line was developed in the pest
population, after which the number of the pesticideresistant insects increased.
• (c) Bad quality control in the production of the pesticide
resulted in the ineffectiveness of the pesticide.
• (d) After Mr. Wang applied X-pesticide in the field, heavy
rains reduced the efficiency of the pesticide.
• III-3-C
• Based on the study of Mr. Tu, to prolong the
effectiveness of X-pesticide, which one of the
following suggestions is the best?
• (a) Lowering the applied dosage of X-pesticide
every year
• (b) Doubling the applied dosage of X-pesticide
every year
• (c) Alternation of high and low X-pesticide
dosages on a yearly basis
• (d) Alternating application of X-pesticide with
another effective pesticide each year.
ANS
• III-3 Pests in the rice field
• III-3-A (0.4 point)
• By examining the data shown in Fig.III-3, which year was the first
year for applying X-pesticide?
• Answer: 2003. The number of pests in 2003 was smallest.
• III-3-B (0.3 point)
• Which one of the following statements matches Ms. Tu’s conclusion?
• Answer: (b).
• III-3-C (0.3 point)
• Based on the study of Ms. Tu, to prolong effectiveness of Xpesticide, which of the following suggestions is the best?
• Answer: (d)
• Alternating application of X-pesticide with another pesticide
each year could decrease the formation of pesticide-resistant
lines.
• A25. The diagram below shows a typical foodweb of a rice paddy.
• Regarding this foodweb, which of the following statements are true?
• (a) Biomass decreases as you go up the trophic level in this
foodweb.
• (b) Heron has the most impact on this ecosystem.
• (c) If the number of spiders decreases, the number of brown
planthoppers will increase.
• (d) If the number of heron increases, the amount of rice will
increase.
• (e) If the number of grasshoppers increases, the amount of rice will
decrease.
• (A)a, e (B) b, d (C) a, c, d (D) b, c, e
• 26. The graph below shows experimental
results which regards hatching of fruitfly eggs.
A researcher hatched fertilized eggs at 10℃,
15℃, 20℃, 30℃ after they were incubated at
2℃ (Exp. I) or at 21℃ (Exp. II) for 3 days.
• Select an option with the optimum incubation
temperature and optimum hatching
temperature.
• 18. Biological species concept is stressed on the
organism’s ability to interbreed and produce viable and
fertile offspring. Different species are separated by
barriers that prohibit interbreeding; it also called as
reproductive isolation.
• Which of the following isolating mechanism is
responsible for the origin of the Darwin finches on
Galapagos island?
• A. Geographical isolation
• B. Mechanical isolation
• C. Behavioral isolation
• D. Temporal isolation
• 19. The information of the physical world outside our
body, as well as the processes inside, is collected by
sensory receptors. Most of these receptors are
specialized neurons or epithelial cells, existing in
single or groups with other types of cells within the
sensory organs. Choose the correct match among
organs, sensory cells and receptor types from the
table below.
A. I, 1, b
B. II, 2, c
C. III, 3, a
D. IV, 4, d
• A21. The foods that enter our digestive system will
undergo several processes, which are function- and
place-specifics. Choose the correct statement.
• A. While in the mouth, starch is broken down into
disaccharide by the action of salivary amylase
• B. Stomach lining produces peptides
• C. The function of large intestine is to produce digestive
enzymes
• D. The function of small intestine is to absorb water
• C22. Global warming is considered as a big
environmental issue. This phenomenon creates climate
change, which causes several effects of different
magnitudes.
• Minimum effect(s) of climate change can be observed on:
• I. plant growth
• II. plant flowering
• III. deciduous trees losing leaves in the fall or dry season
• A. I only
• B. II only
• C. II and III
• D. I and III
• C23. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human
Immunodeficiency Virus). People with AIDS are
susceptible to opportunistic diseases, infections
and cancers that take advantage of the
collapsed immune system. HIV suppresses the
immunes system by killing the victim’s
• A. B-cells
• B. Macrophage
• C. T-cells
• D. Plasma cells
• A24. Insects can provide important evidence in a
crime investigation. Size and age of particular
larvae found in corpse can be used to estimate
the time of death. Which insects with larvae
usually arrive earliest on human dead bodies?
• A. Blowflies
• B. Ants
• C. Mites
• D. Dung beetles
• C23. The table shown below is the analytical data of
mitochondrial DNA of four different, but related animal
species.
• If you made a phylogenic tree of these four animals
with the data above, which would be the correct
answer? (You should consider the fewest change of
sequence of bases in DNA)
•
•
•
•
Episcia reproduces young plants by runners
From the picture above:
a. How many runners shown in the picture?
Answer: ___________________.
– Which one is the oldest runner?
• Answer: ___________________.
– A runner is a special kind of ____________________.
• (choose one right answer:
Stem/root/leaf/flower/plants)
*Part of plant which absorb
water and mineral is
__________.
*Part of plant which produces
carbohydrates is
___________.
*Where is the food stored?
______________________
_____.
Which part of flower that function to attract the insect?
The flower indicates as :
A)perfect flower
B)imperfect flower
C)complete flower
D)incomplete flower
•
What is the name of the process which is
responsible for the production of oxygen
by green plants?
• Which statement about sexual
reproduction in flowering plants is correct?
– A)It is conducted through bud formation.
– B)It requires the presence of petals.
– C)It can be accomplished by grafting.
– D)It gives rise to genetically diverse offspring.
– E)It cannot result from self-pollination.
• Pollination in the flowering plants
________ .
– A)never requires external water
– B)never occurs within a single flower
– C)always requires help by animal pollinators
– D)is also called fertilization
– E)make most angiosperms independent of
external water for reproduction
•
•
•
•
Stomata in the typical green leaves, _______ .
A)are covered by a waxy cuticle
B)control the opening of guard cells
C)close when water is being lost at too great a
rate
• D)are usually most abundant on the upper
epidermis of a leaf
• E)release less water to the environment than
other parts of the epidermis
• Tuti conducted the experiment concerning
the relationship between transpiration and
leaf area in two different plants (plant A and
plant B). She wrote the result of the
experiment in a form of graph shown below.
transpiration rates
(ml/min)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
leaf area (cm2)
8
10
• From the graph above:
• A. Explain how leaf’s area influences the
transpiration of plant A and plant B.
• B. Which plant respirates faster?
The figure above show
plant ringed in part 3.
Do branch 1 and 2 will
still alive? Give
reason to your
answer!
Does branch 4 still can
get photosynthesis
product from leaves
in branch 1, 2? Give
explanation to your
answer.
Donny conducts the experiment in the
laboratory. He grows corn plants in two
different environments. He sets up the
plant A in an environment with low CO2
and plant B in a high CO2. He writes the
result of his experiment as shown in a
table below.
• A. Change the table above into a graph.
Time on the horizontal axis and growth
rates in the vertical axis
• B. How does carbon dioxide influence
growth of the corn plants?
• C. Which plants has a higher growth rate?
• Look at the drawings 1 to 5 of the larvae of
common freshwater insects (the drawing is not
drawn to scale):
Identify each one in turn by using the key.
No legs ……………………………………… go to no. 2
Three pairs of legs present ………………. go to no. 3
Bristles on all segments …………………..… Culex
Bristles not present on all segment ………… Simulium
One tail fillament …………………………… Sialis
Two tail fillament present ………………..… go to no 4
Long fillament on head …………………….. Perla
Short fillament on head ……………….….…. Dyctisus
• From the table above answer these following
questions:
• A)Which food is the richest protein?
• B)Which food is a highest value in bone
formation
• C)Which food would you recommend for
someone suffering from aptha/mouth ulcer?
• D)How many calories would you obtain if you ate
a cheese sandwich containing 100 g of bread,
50 g of cheese and 2,5 g of butter?
Write down 2 plant’s parts
that have function as
storage organs!
If some of the leaves are
eaten by caterpillar, is
the plant still produce
storage organs? Give
the reasons!
Explain the stomata’s behavior in plant A and B based on the graph above!
Give the reason why some plants open the stomata during the night,
while it must be closed during the day?
• Plants lose water through their leaves by
transpiration. The graph below is the result
of transpiration experiment using Hibiscus
rosa-sinensis. Answer the questions based
on the graph!
•
•
When did the plant lose the most water and
how much water evaporate from the plant?
Answer:
•
•
How do the plant lose the water?
Answer:
•
•
When did the plant lose the least water? Why?
Answer:
•
•
How can you explain these results?
Answer:
Part of the seed which stores food is
_____________________
Part of the seed which grows into shoot is
__________________
•
•
•
•
•
•
According to the picture below, some plants
trap and digest insect to fulfill their needs that
is not available in soil. This ability is a kind of
plant adaptation to the terrestrial ecosystem,
which lacks …………….
A)oxygen
B)hydrogen
C)nitrogen
D)sulphur
E)carbon dioxide
Look at the picture below. Acid rain may occur in this area due to
the gases produced from human activities. The gases may
react with water and form an acid. Which one of the following
gases causes acid rain?
A)Nitric oxide
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
D)Nitrogen
E)Hydrogen
• Plant loses water through the leaves by
transpiration. An experiment was set up to
measure the loss of water from the leaves. Prior
to the experiment, pot and soil were covered
using the plastic bag, as shown in the picture.
Loss of water from plant could be regularly
measured by weighing the potted plant.
•
When does the plant lose the most amount of
water during the day?
–
–
–
–
–
A)At noon. It is due to the highest temperature and
maximum light intensity of the sun.
B)At noon. It is due to the highest temperature and
humidity at that time.
C)At noon. It is due to the highest humidity and
maximum light intensity of the sun.
D)In the morning. It is due to the lowest temperature
and humidity
E)In the morning. It is due to the sun and
temperature start to rise
•
Why must the plastic bag cover the pot
and soil?
• What will happen if all the leaf surfaces were
covered by clear plastic?
– A)The plant will die due to the lack of oxygen needed
for their respiration.
– B)The transpiration will be disturbed due to the
decline of pores needed for gas exchange.
– C)The plant will die because less water enters the
plant.
– D)The photosynthesis will be affected because the
clear plastic will prevent the sunlight from reaching
the leaves
– E)The plant will die because the accumulation of
carbon dioxide in leaves is toxic for plant.
Which one of the following statements
indicates the correct food chain?
• Which one of the following statements
indicates the correct food chain?
• A)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
• B)3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
• C)5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
• D)1,5,9,12
• E)1,2,3,4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Overuse of pesticide can cause some of the following events:
1.The plants die
2.Most of the targeted pests die
3.Soil organisms die
4.Plants may grow rapidly
5.Pests become resistant to pesticide
6.Soil microorganisms grow rapidly
•
•
•
•
•
•
Which of the following sets of statements is true?
A)1,2,3,4,5,6
B)1,2,3,4,5
C)1,3,5
D)2,4,5
E)3,6
1. Identify the part labeled “i” and
state its function.
2. Identify the part labeled “f” and
state its function.
• Some animals have strategies to escape from
predators or enemies, such as producing a bad
smell, changing color, etc. Which is the following
tactics that is used by squid?
• A. By curling its body
• B. By having an electric tail
• C. By detaching its tail easily
• D. By excreting ink
• E. By changing body color
• Snakes are different from worms because
snakes have .......
• A. Slime
• B. Eggs
• C. Segments
• D. Scales
• E. Color
• Which one of the activities described in the
table below does not match the characteristic
of all living things.
• Elvira wants to prove that plants need
some nutrients in the soil. In order to test
her idea she uses two pots of plant. She
sets up one pot of plant as shown below.
• Which one of the following should she use as
a control set-up?
• Choose a hypothetical graph to show the
respiration of an animal in a closed chamber
over a period of time.
Based on your understanding
in biology, identify how many
population in A and how many
population in B.
• Desert is an area characterized by low rainfall,
high evaporation and low humidity. In such a
condition, desert plants survive by adapting
themselves structurally and physiologically.
Which of the following is the least possible
adaptation of desert plants?
–
–
–
–
–
A. shallow and spreading roots
B. fleshy leaves
C. thin & wide leaves
D. green stems
E. thick-cuticle leaf
• Explain your answer.
• Two identical plants are grown in two
different places, dark (plant A) and light
(plant B).After some weeks, what is the
appearance of both plants?
• Tofu (soybean curd) contains high amount
of protein from soybean. Choose other
examples
• of food which contains high protein:
– A. Cheese
– B. Bread
– C. Potato chips
– D. Chicken curry
– E. Jelly
• Plants use water for …….
• (1) cell growth ; (2) photosynthesis; (3)
germination
• A. (1) and (2)
• B. (1) and (3)
• C. (2) and (3)
• D. (1), (2) and (3)
• E. None of them
• Animals in the house may indicate a potential
disease that may be spread in the family. If you
have a cat in the house, choose the following
disease that may be spread by the cat to human:
• A. Dengue
• B. Avian influenza
• C. AIDS
• D. Polio
• E. Tuberculosis
• Why does the seed of the coffee have a very
tough seed coat? The seed can ……….
• A. be dispersed by propulsion
• B. extend the distance of its dispersal by
traveling breezes
• C. adhere to passing animals
• D. survive the mechanical forces and conditions
of the animal’s gut
• E. attract the animals
• Which of the following statements about an animal’s size
and shape is not true?
• A. larger animals require more food than smaller animals
• B. larger animals produce more waste than smaller
animals
• C. larger animals are more vulnerable to cold than
smaller animals
• D. larger animals require more oxygen than smaller
animals
• E. larger animals require larger area than smaller
animals
• If you want to make your plant increase in
height, which part of the plant you have to cut?
• Choose the correct picture showing the path of
light entering a normal eye?
• Which of the following substances can be
recycled in an ecosystem?
• (1) carbohydrate; (2) water; (3) nitrate
• A. (1) and (2)
• B. (1) and (3)
• C. (2) and (3)
• D. (1), (2) and (3)
• E. None of them
• In order to increase speed and agility, an
animal uses different kinds of strategy.
Complete the table by writing the body part
used by the animal.
• Which of the following type of reproduction
produces offspring with identical
genotypes?
• (1) buds from the same potato tuber ; (2)
seeds from the same tomato ; (3) spores
from the same fungus.
• A. (1) and (2)
• B. (1) and (3)
• C. (2) and (3)
• D. (1), (2) and (3)
• E. None of them
• The following picture is a diagrammatic figure
of various kinds of systems in animal.
………………..(4.1) pumps the blood to the lungs
through ……… (4.2).
Within the lungs, blood cells discharge carbon dioxide
and take in oxygen.
Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs goes back to the
heart through ………
(4.3), then it is pumped from the ……… (4.4) to all over
the body through the ………(4.5).
• The following is a list of substances which can
be found in blood. Match the substances with
the correct description on the left box by
putting only one letter in the blank box:
What are the conditions of the heart valves when the
ventricles are all relaxed?
A. Valves 1 and 2 are closed; valves 3 and 4 are open.
B. Valves 1 and 3 are closed; valves 2 and 4 are open.
C. Valves 1 and 3 are open; valves 2 and 4 are closed.
D. Valves 1 and 2 are open; valves 3 and 4 are closed.
E. All of the valves are open
• Some people may have a hole in the septum
that separates chambers X and Y. What problem
will they have?
• a. They may develop anemia.
• b. They may have a lower blood pressure.
• c. Their blood may not be able to clot normally.
• d. Their arterial blood may not be fully
oxygenated
• e. They may have a higher blood pressure
When there is a large defect
between the atria, a large
amount of oxygen-rich (red)
blood leaks from the heart's left
side back to the right side. Then
this blood is
pumped back to the lungs,
despite already having been
refreshed with oxygen. This
is inefficient, because alreadyoxygenated blood displaces
blood that needs
oxygen. Many people with this
defect have few, if any,
symptoms.
• An ecologist studied the number of organisms
in grassland area over a three year period:
• Pick from the following choices to answer question (a), (b),
and (c):
• A. Mice population is increasing
• B. Mice population does not depend on the area of grassland
• C. Insectivorous birds is migrating into the area
• D. The grassland area is decreasing
• E. Insectivorous bird depends on population of grasshopper
• F. The grassland area affects the population of bird
• (a) What is the best explanation for the decrease in the
population of grasshoppers
• from year 1 to year 3? …..
• (b) What is the best explanation for the change in the mice
population? ..
• (c) What is the best explanation for the change in the bird
population?