Transcript fungal diseases - Govt College Ropar

Different types of diseases
caused by fungi are as follows -:
Wheat
Loose Smut – Ustilago tritici
SYMPTOMS -:
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The entire infloroscence is
commonly affected and
appears as a mass of olive
black spores , initially covered
by a thin gray membrane .
Once, the membrane ruptures
, the head appears powdery.
Slightly taller than healthier
plants .
Chlorotic streaks may also
visible on the leaves .
CONTROL -:
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Treat the seed with
VITAVAX @ 2Kg / kg
seed before sowing .
Burry the infected heads
in the soil , so the
secondary heads is
avoided .
RICE (PADDY)
False smut – Ustilaginoidea virens
SYMPTOMS -:
False smut of rice reduces both
grain yeild and grain quality.
 Infected rice kernels always
destroyed by the disease
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CONTROL -:
Cultivation of resistant varities .
Use of healthy seeds .
Sowing early maturity varieties .
Avoid high rate of nitrogen
fertilization .
Treat the seed with suitable
chemicals easily available in the
market .
Collect and burn diseased ear
heads .
Avoid winnowing and threshing
of diseased crop in field .
BUNT – Telletia Baralyana
SYMPTOMS -:
 Disease grains are filled with
black powder detected by
breaking them.
 Only few grains may be affected
wholly or partially .
 Seeds may germinate but
seedlings are stunted .
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CONTROL -:
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Use of healthy seeds.
Avoid high rates of nitrogen fertilizers .
Cultivation of resistant varieties .
Sowing early maturity varieties .
Treat the seed with suitable chemicals .
Colect and burn disease ear heads .
Avoid winnowing and threshing of diseased
ear heads .
BARLEY -:
Powdery mildew – Erysiphe
graminis
SYMPTOMS -:
 Disease first appears on
lower leaves
 White patches of fungal
grow on upper leaf surface
that are opposite cholorotis
spots on the underside of the
leaf .
 Patches of dull growth turn
a dull gray- brown as friuting
structures called
CONTROL -:
Crop rotation .
 Elimination of crop residue .
 Control of volunteer grains .
 Foliar fungicides are used to
control disease and provide
partial disease control .
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Barley
Covered smut – Ustilago hordei
Symptoms -:
 The infection is clearly visible in
the crop as greyish - black head.
 Smutted head contain many
thousands of black spores .
 Smutted head are hard and
compact.
 Infected plants are stunted.
 Ocasionally smut sori may also
develop in leaf , where they
appear as long streaks .
Control-:
Treat the seed with recommended seed
treatment.
 Sow disease free seed.
 Resistant cultivars and seed treatments
are used to manage this disease .
 Fungicides – Carboxin , triadimenol.
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JWAR (SORGHUM)
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Downy mildew – Sclerospora sorghi
SYMPTOMS-:
 Leaves have yellow to white stripes.
 Infected leaves will be more narrow
than usual.
 A white ,downy micelium may
develop on both thesurfaces of leaf.
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Plants may be stunted , chlorotic ,
and have irregular seed set
CONTROL -:
Use resistant hybrids .
 Plant in cool soils .
 Destroy shattercane , because
it is an alternate host for the
pathogen
 Systemic fungicide seed
tresatments may helpful .
 Avoid rotation of corn with
sorghum .
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•Sugarcane
Red rot – Collectotrichum falcatus
SYMPTOMS -:
 First appears red bright lesions on the
mid rib of leaves .
 Third or fourth leaf from the top is
affected .
 Fruiting bodies of the fungus develop
on rind .
 When the infected canes split open
they five out alcholic odour due to
fermentation .
CONTROL -:
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Cultivation of disease resistant
varieties .
Crop rotation for two years .
Seeds setts should be disease free .
Seeds must be treated with suitable
fungicides .
Disease plant parts should be
collected and burnt .
Ratoon cropping should be
discoursaged .