Transcript Biojeopardy plant form and function

PLANTS! PLANTS! PLANTS!
How It’s Made
Transport
Plant Food
Flower
“Babies”
Signals and
Hormones
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A tiny extension of a root
epidermal cell, growing just behind
the root tip and increasing surface
area for absorption of water and
minerals.
What is a root hair
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200
A microscopic pore surrounded
by guard cells in the epidermis of
leaves and stems that allows gas
exchange between the
environment and the interior of
the plant.
What is a stoma
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300
A flowering plant that completes
its entire life cycle in a single year
or growing season.
What is an annual
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400
Wood consists of secondary ______.
What is xylem
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500
A waxy covering on the surface of
stems and leaves that acts as an
adaptation to prevent drying out of
terrestrial plants.
What is a cuticle
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600
A petiole
What is the “stalk” of a leaf
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700
A vessel element would likely lose
its protoplast in this area of growth
in a root
What is the zone of maturation
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800
Embryonic plant tissue in the tips
of roots and in the buds of shoots
that supplies cells for the plant to
grow in length.
What is an apical meristem
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900
This “type” of plant cell carries on
most of the plant’s metabolic
function, such as photosynthesis
and storage; they have large
vacuoles and lack secondary walls.
What is parenchyma
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1000
For primary growth of roots to
occur, this “region of growth”
includes cells that lengthen to
many times their original size to
push the root tip through the soil.
What is the zone of elongation
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100
Phloem sap flows from a sugar
_______, where it is produced by
photosynthesis or broken down
from starch, to a sugar _______, an
organ that consumes or stores the
sugar.
What is the source, sink
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A membrane that encloses the
central vacuole in a plant cell,
separating the cytosol from the
vacuolar contents, called cell
sap; also known as the vacuolar
membrane.
What is a tonoplast
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The focus of Lab 9; the evaporative
loss of water from a plant.
What is transpiration
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400
A walled cell of a plant becomes
very firm or ______________ if it has a
greater solute concentration than
its surroundings, resulting in entry
of water.
What is turgid
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A transport protein in the plasma
membrane of a plant or animal cell
that specifically facilitates the
diffusion of water across the
membrane via osmosis.
What is a aquaporin
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A category of plants that have
adapted to an arid climate.
What are xerophytes
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700
The productivity of a crop declines
when leaves begin to wilt mainly
because of “this”
What is stomata close, preventing CO2
from entering the leaf.
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800
The transpirational flow of xylem
sap is transmitted from leaves to
root tips because 1)water is
attracted to itself and 2)water is
attracted to the hydrophilic walls
of the narrow xylem elements.
These 2 processes are known as:
What is cohesion; adhesion
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900
Water potential is found by use of
this calculation:
What is
Water potential = solute potential
+ pressure potential
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Root pressure may cause this;
water droplets come out of the
leaves when more water is forced
up the xylem than is transpired by
the plant.
What is guttation
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The most common form of human
malnutrition is _________deficiency.
To combat this problem,
agricultural researchers have been
developing enriched corn, wheat,
rice.
What is protein
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The most fertile of all soils, made
up of roughly equal amounts of
sand, silt, and clay
What is loam
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The alternation of planting a
nonlegume one year and a legume
the next year to restore
concentration of fixed nitrogen in
the soil.
What is crop rotation
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This is an example of a
“macromolecule” that the
macronutrient, PHOSPHORUS, is a
necessary component of.
What are nucleic acids, phospholipids
and even ATP and some coenzymes.
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Phytoremediation is a
nondestructive technology that
cheaply reclaims contaminated
areas by using some plant species
to extract “these substances” from
the soil and concentrating them in
easily harvested portions of the
plant
What are heavy metals or pollutants
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Most of the mass of organic
material of a plant comes from this
molecule.
What is carbon dioxide
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This is the main reason why leaves
of plants grown without humus
were yellowish compared with
those of the plants grown in
humus-enriched soil.
What is: the humus contained minerals
such as magnesium and iron, needed
for the synthesis of chlorophyll.
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800
Most micronutrients function in
“this” way.
What is as cofactors for enzymes
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This is an enzyme complex, unique
to certain prokaryotes, that
reduces N2 to NH3.
What is nitrogenase
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A plant that nourishes itself but
grows on the surface of another
plant for support, usually on the
branches or trunks of tropical
trees.
What is an epiphyte
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A mature ovary of a flower that
protects dormant seeds and aids in
their dispersal.
What is a fruit
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The modified leaves that are often
colorful parts of a flower that
advertise it to insects and other
pollinators
What are petals
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An incomplete flower lacks one or
more of the four basic floral
organs. List three of the four
“organs”.
What are sepals, petals, stamens, or
carpels
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In flowers, this is the portion of a
carpel in which the egg-containing
ovules develop.
What is the ovary
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This condition is needed by almost
all seeds to break dormancy?
What is inbibition
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A plant that has small, green petals
is most likely to be pollinated by
______________________.
What is the wind
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An individual plant or animal is said
to be _____________if its genome
contains a gene introduced from
another organism
What is transgenic
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This angiosperm mechanism
occurs when two sperm cells unite
with two cells in the embryo sac to
form the zygote and endosperm.
What is double fertilization
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____ is to male gametophyte as
_____ is to female gametophyte.
What are pollen grain; embryo sac
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This is the reason why
development of Bt crops to raises
concerns
What is: if Bt toxin genes "escape" to
related weed species, the hybrid weeds
could have harmful ecological effects.
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This hormone, also known as ABA,
slows down plant growth by
hindering the actions of growth
hormones.
What is abscisic acid
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Certain plants can only flower
when the day length is “longer”
than a certain number of hours.
These plants are called ____________
plants.
What is long-day
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Growth of a plant shoot toward or
away from light
What is phototropism
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Ethylene is almost always
associated with the programmed
cell death of cells or organs. This
cell death is also known as
_______________
What is apoptosis
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This is the category of hormones
that stimulates elongation of
coleoptiles.
What are auxins.
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An example of etiolation is the
growth pattern of a sprouting
potato shoot breaking ground.
Etiolation lacks adequate _________.
What is sunlight
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A plant produces _________ in
response to severe heat stress
which help reduce protein
denaturation.
What are heat shock proteins
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800
Buds and sprouts often form on
tree stumps. These types of
hormones stimulate their
formation?
What are cytokinins
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900
Most climbing plants have tendrils
that coil rapidly around supports,
exhibiting thigmotropism or
directional growth in response to
“this”
What is touch
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“This signal” travels from the
leaves to buds when the leaves
detect a photoperiod and start
flowering.
What is florigen
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