Transcript Pest Management

http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm
Pest Management
Topic 2167
Created by Torey Birchmeier
Signal Words and Symbols
• Danger-Poison, Skull and Crossbones
– Appear on all products that are highly toxic
• Danger
http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/fa
cts-slides-self/coretutorial/module14/index.html
– These products can cause severe eye damage or skin
irritation
• Warning
– Products that are moderate toxic orally, dermally or
through inhalation, moderate eye or skin irritation
• Caution
– Product is slightly toxic orally, dermally or through in
halation or cause eye and skin irritation
Insects and Pests
• Sucking pests and their damage to plants
• Aphids-disfigured growth
• Mealy bugs-cottony mass on leaves and stems
• Thrips-light colored streaks on foliage and
flowers
• Whiteflies-mottle foliage
http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm
Insects and Pests
• Chewing Insects and their damage to plants
• Chryanthemum midge-galls on forage
• Corn-ear worms-holes in forage, buds and
flowers
• Cutworms-cuts plants at soil level or holes
• Leaf miners-Irregular, light colored patches on
leaves and flowers
• Loopers-holes in young leaves
Other Pests
• Spider mites-create webs under leaves
• Slugs and Snails-ragged holes in leaves
and slime trails on foliage
• Nematodes-brown areas between leaf veins
or galls on roots
Diseases
• Fungus
• Bacterial
• Virus
Fungus Diseases
• Pythium root and stem rot-stunted
growth, poor root system and dark regions
on stems near soil surface
• Rhizoctonia stem rot-restricted growth ,
wilting and stem rot at soil level
• Verticillium-yellow leaves at soil level and
wilting
• Gray Mold-brownish, water soaked roots
Fungus Diseases
• Septoria leaf spot-black or brown leaf
spots at base of plant going upwards
• Rust-small reddish spots on leaf underside
• Powdery mildew-gray to white powdery
growth on leaves and deformed growth
http://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/plantpath/corn/comrust/0796.37comrust.html
Bacterial Diseases
• Bacterial blight-graying of leaves and
branches, wilt, water-soaked lesions
• Bacterial leaf spot-circular or oval lesions
on lower leaves
Virus Diseases
• Strut-restricted growth, poor color and
small leaves
• Chlorotic mottle-mottled leaves followed
by complete chlorosis
• Chrysanthemum mosiac-mottled
deformed leaves
Traditional Management
Techniques
• Identify pest problem and apply chemical
immediately
• Usually a spray chemical is used
• EPA is cracking down on usage
• Organic and natural pesticides are being
developed by companies
Nontraditional Management Techniques
• Integrated Pest Management keeps pest
problems low
• IPM requires scouting of fields
• Use of resistant varieties and cultural
practices
• Spot treat infected area ASAP
Other Nontraditional Methods
• Quarantining of newly arrived plants and
watch for diseases or other problems
• Discarding of infected plants
• Natural predators
• Organic sprays
http://svca.on.ca/education7.htm
Methods of Chemical Application
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Aerosol
Drench
Fog
Granular
Smoke
Spray
http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html
Aerosol Application
• Contain carbon dioxide or freon
• Very cold-keep distance between can and
plant
• Quickly fills a greenhouse
• Very little gets underside of leaves
• Ideal temperature is 70-80oF
Aerosol Application Continued
• Hard to apply in heat because have to shut
fans off-apply at night and shut fans off
• Warning signs need to be placed on all
greenhouse enterances
Drench Application
• Chemicals dissolved in water and poured on
• Created with liquid, emulsifiable conc,dry
or wet powder types
• Apply any time of day
• Time consuming and must treat every pot
• Most fungicides, growth retardants and
some insecticides applied this way
Fog Application
• Similar to aerosol, fills greenhouse
• Use any chemical and mix with a carrier
that turns into fog
• Fogging equipment uses gas engines that
emit hot air and can burn plants
• Fog is visible
• Done in closed up greenhouse
• Post all greenhouse entrances
Granular Application
• Used by applying granules of chemicals to
the growing medium
• Sprinkle granule on and water, chemical is
released from granule
• Usually done as a preventative measure
• Must be evenly distributed, time consuming
Smoke Application
• Consists of burning special formulation
chemicals that release pesticides into air
• Amount needed determined by cubic feet
• Containers are placed in aisles and lit with
sparklers
• Greenhouse must be airtight and left
overnight
• Do not apply if temperature is above 85oF
• Signs must be posted on all entrances
Spray Application
• Consists of dissolving chemicals in water
and spraying solution on plant surface
• Most common method
• Hand or electric sprayers
• Use wettable powder, flowerable or
emulsifiable concentrate formulations
• Shake frequently
• Cover entire plant upper and lower leaves
Information on Chemical Labels
• Trade name-the name the product is sold
under
• Chemical name-the technical name given
by chemist
• Signal word-notifies how toxic the
chemical is-caution<warning<danger
• Precautionary statement-describes
hazards to humans, animals and the
environment
Information on Chemical Labels
Continued
• Use classification-states what type of
chemical the material is-insecticide,
fungicide, nemacide
• Statement of practical treatement-tells
what to do in case of over exposure
• Re-entry statement-period of time that
must elapse before you can enter the
greenhouse
Other information on Labels
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Rates of application
How often to use it
What crops to use it on
What adverse plant effects may occur
Do’s and Don’ts
• If a chemical comes in contact with skin
wash it off immediately
• Remove contaminated clothing immediately
and wash seperately
• Wear protective clothing that covers skin
• Do Not wear shorts, tee shirt or sandals
• Wear a rubber suit for high toxicity
chemicals, long sleeve shirt for low toxicity
Do’s and Don’ts
• Wear rubber gloves, boots and goggles
when mixing
• Wear protective mask or respirator that fits
to prevent inhaling fumes
• Always clean and wash respirator
• Don’t burn chemical containers
Posted Area
• Post a hand written sign stating the
following:
• chemical used
• time of application
• time safe to re-enter area
• name and phone number of who to contact
Storage of Chemicals
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Lock areas
Have the area posted with a sign
Area should have an exhaust vent
Shelves should be present to prevent
chemicals from getting wet
• Tightly close all chemical containers
• Date all chemicals on arrival
Disposable Procedures
• Chemicals and containers are hazardous and
must be properly destroyed to prevent harm
to humans or the environment
• Prepared chemicals can be disposed by
applying them to labeled crops
– Prepare the needed amount for the target crop
– Money is being wasted if too much is prepared
– Target crop may be over treated if the
applicator needs to get rid of chemicals
Disposable Procedures
• Chemical containers must be empty before
disposal
• Bottle and jars must be completely empty
• Triple rinse container with clean water
• Rinse water needs to be applied to the crop
• Puncture holes in container and dispose in a
sanitary landfill
• Bag type containers dispose of in landfill
Disposing of Chemicals
• Old chemicals can not be placed in landfills
• Hire a private company to dispose of
chemicals
References
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Aphids picture-http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm
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Danger sign-http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/coretutorial/module14/index.html
http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html
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Landy bug-http://svca.on.ca/education7.htm
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Rust picturehttp://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/plantpath/corn/comrust/0796.37comrust.html
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Spraying-http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html