Transcript Grafting and Layering

Grafting
Matt Jakubik
History
ancient technique
practiced as early as 1,000 BC
employed widely by the
Romans centuries later
Grafting
two different plants are united
so they grow together as one
Scion - top - vegetative part
Stock - bottom - root part
Scion
Rootstock
Reasons for use
give plants stronger more
disease resistant roots
cause dwarfing
top working - grafting many
different varieties to the limbs
of one tree
Reasons for use
insert different variety for cross
pollination
propagate plants difficult to bud
Requirements
compatibility
must be related to each other to
enable the stock and scion to
grow together
Requirements
Scion wood
one year old
vigorous growth
Requirements
Timing
stock and scion should be
dormant or have no leaves
Matching of tissue
cambium of two matched plant
parts must come in close
contact with each other
cambium cannot be allowed to
dry out
Waterproofing
immediately after making graft,
cut surfaces must be covered
with a waterproof grafting
compound
Types of Grafts
Whip Graft
-- used when stock & scion are small
and are the same size
Cleft Graft
-- used in topworking trees
-- stock is usually much larger than
scion
Budding
Actually a form of grafting
A single bud is used instead of a scion
Budding is quicker
2 main types:
- T-budding & Chip Budding
T-budding
Scion and Rootstock must be
compatible
Bark must be slipping
Examples: apples, pears, peaches,
plums, cherries, and roses
Chip Budding
Very similar to T-budding
Advantage: wood can be dormant,
bark doesn’t have to slip
Widely used for grapes
Layering
Asexual Propagation
Roots are formed on a stem
root while still attached to the
parent plant
Asexual Propagation
the stem or root which is rooted
is called a layer
the layer is removed from the
plant only after rooting has
taken place
Advantages and
Disadvantages
relatively simple
requires more time
requires a lot of work by hand
fewer plants can be started from
each parent plant
Advantages and
Disadvantages
usually very successful
some plants layer naturally raspberry
Simple Layering
a branch from the parent plant
is bent to the ground
covered with soil at one point
terminal end remains exposed
Air Layering
Ancient Chinese practiced air
layering
process eliminates burying part
of the plant in the soil
Air Layering
instead, a part of the stem is
girdled
cut all the way around
the cut is surrounded by moist
sphagnum or peat moss
Air Layering
Moss is wrapped with plastic to
hold in place
roots grow from the wound on
the stem