Transcript KINGDOM PLANTAE

KINGDOM
PLANTAE
Think of three ways a plant cell is
different from an animal cell.
PLANT CELLS
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS
ARE PLANT CELLS?
EUKARYOTIC
Nucleus
PLANT CELLS
Cell Wall
The cell wall is made primarily
of CELLULOSE, a complex
carbohydrate.
• Keeps the cell from rupturing
• Prevents water loss
• Shape and protection
PLANT CELLS
Vacuole
Vacuoles are membrane-bound
spaces used for temporary
storage of materials.
PLANT CELLS
Chloroplast
The chloroplasts are cell organelles
that capture light energy and produce
food (glucose) to store.
They contain the photosynthetic
pigment, CHLOROPHYLL. This
primary photoreceptor absorbs the
light energy.
CHLOROS- “green”, PHYLLON- “leaf”
ALL PLANTS:
are
(also called producers) because they
can produce their own food.
6CO2 + 6H2O→C6H12O6 + 6O2
PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Roots:
Anchors the plant
Collects water and
nutrients for plant
LEAVES
Cannot carry out photo.
Stem:
Above ground
Transports nutrients
If green, can
photosynthesize
STEM
Leaves: Major Photosynthesis
Transpiration
ROOTS
Remember Capillary
Action and Adhesion
LEAVES
• Carbon Dioxide moves in and Oxygen and water
move out of a leaf through the stomata, which are
located on the top and bottom of the leaf.
LEAVES
• Guard cells are tiny cells that surround and
control whether the stomata are open or shut.
• The loss of water through the stomata is called
transpiration.
LEAVES
Transpiration
• If the plant has
enough water and
some needs to
leave through
transpiration, the
stomata open.
LEAVES
Transpiration
• If the plant needs to
retain water, the
stomata close, so
water won’t leave.
Gymnosperm, Conifer
Angiosperm, Flowering
What are the two types of plants?
1. Non-vascular:
No true roots, stems, or leaves.
No vessels (or vascular tissue) inside
the plant to move materials and water
around
Receive water through osmosis
2. Vascular:
Liverwort
Fern
Has vessels (vascular tissues) to transport water and food
More complex
Don’t have to live in or right next to bodies of water.
Moss
VASCULAR, SEEDLESS
PLANTS
INCLUDES:
FERNS
CLUB MOSS
HORSETAILS
THEY HAVE XYLEM AND PHLOEM
Sorus- bundles
of spores on the
fern’s leaves
THEY REPRODUCE BY SPORES
These require water for reproduction
VASCULAR, SEED PLANTS
There are two groups of vascular seed plants:
Neither of these require water for reproduction
GYMNOSPERMS
“CONIFERS”
ANGIOSPERMS
“FLOWERING”
•Produce protected seeds
•Produce seeds that are not
protected by an ovary
•ALL produce flowers and fruit
•Do NOT produce flowers or fruit
•Produce Cones
•Fruit is a ripened ovary with
seeds in it
VASCULAR TISSUES
The two types of vascular tissue is Xylem and Phloem
Xylem: Carries water and dissolved ions from the roots to the stems and
leaves
Phloem: Carries dissolved
sugars from the leaves to all other
parts of the plant
ANGIOSPERM
•Petals are usually the
colorful structures at the
top of a flower stem.
Petals
A flower’s structure is genetically determined
and usually made up of four kinds of organs:
sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.
ANGIOSPERM
• Sepals are usually leaf-like and circle below
the petals.
ANGIOSPERM:
The Male Reproductive
Parts
Anther
Stamen
Filament
• The entire male part is called the stamen.
• The male reproductive part of the flower
includes the filament (tube) and anther (where
the pollen is.
ANGIOSPERM:
The Female Reproductive
Parts
Stigma
Style
Pistil
Ovary
• The pistil is the female organ of the flower.
• The bottom portion of the pistil is the ovary, a
structure that contains ovules (eggs).
FERTILIZATION
Pollen grain
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Egg cells
• As the seeds
develop, the
surrounding
ovary enlarges
and becomes
the fruit.
Seeds have different ways of dispersing into the environment.
How do the following disperse?
• Wind
• Water
• Consumption
• On fur
PLANT RESPONSES
• Tropism is a plant’s growth response to a
directional external stimulus.
• The tropism is called positive if the plant grows
toward the stimulus.
• The tropism is called negative if the plant
grows away from the stimulus.
WE WILL LOOK AT THREE TYPES OF
TROPISM
TROPISM
The growth of a plant toward light is called phototropism.
TROPISM
Gravitropism is plant growth in response to gravity.
Stems usually exhibit a negative gravitropism.
Roots that grow down into the soil are able to anchor the
plant and can take in water and dissolved minerals.
How do growing seeds exhibit both phototropism and gravitropism?
TROPISM
Some plants exhibit another tropism called
thigmotropism, which is a growth response to touch.
• Because tropisms involve growth, they are not reversible.
• The position of a stem that has grown several inches in a
particular direction cannot be changed.
Ivy is a good example of a plant that exhibits all three types of tropism.
PLANT RESPONSES
• A responsive movement of a plant that is not
dependent on the direction of the stimulus is
called a nastic movement.
• An example of a nastic response is the sudden
closing of the hinged leaf of a Venus’s-flytrap.
• Naustic movements do not involve growth.