Transcript PLANTS
Bellringer Grab the Is It a Plant? worksheet and get started on it! Have your notebooks out and ready to be stamped. copyright cmassengale 1 Introduction to the Plant Kingdom copyright cmassengale 2 BENCHMARK SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. copyright cmassengale 3 Early Ancestors Aquatic to Terrestrial Life copyright cmassengale 4 Aquatic Ancestor Closest living species to a possible land plant ancestor Group of green algae Called Charyophyceans copyright cmassengale Chara 5 Algae & Land Plant Similarities Both contain chlorophylls a and b Have chloroplasts with stacks of thylakoids Store starch in plastids Cellulose in cell walls Go through Alternation of Generations life Cycle copyright cmassengale 6 Aquatic Habitat Terrestrial Habitat copyright cmassengale 7 Living in Aquatic Environments Plants surrounded by water so don’t dry out Sperm swims to egg Water supports plant Plants stay in upper surface near light Absorb nutrients from the H2O copyright cmassengale 8 Plant Adaptations to Land Problems: Need minerals Gravity Increase in Height for Light Adaptations for Drier environment Reproduction Solutions: Roots absorb H2O & minerals Lignin & cellulose in cell walls Vascular Transport System Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells Pollen containing sperm copyright cmassengale 9 Plant Divisions copyright cmassengale 10 Taxonomy Plants are divided into two groups Based on the presence or absence of an internal transport system for water and dissolved materials Called Vascular System Vascular Bundles copyright cmassengale 11 Vascular System: Characteristics Xylem tissue carries water and minerals upward from the roots Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used Sap is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem copyright cmassengale 12 Nonvascular Plants: Characteristics Do not have vascular tissue for support or conduction of materials Called Bryophytes Require a constantly moist environment Sporophyte stage Gametophyte Stage Moss Gametophytes & copyright cmassengale Sporophytes 13 Nonvascular Plants: Characteristics Plants can’t grow as tall Cells must be in direct contact with moisture Materials move by diffusion cell-to-cell Sperm must swim to egg through water droplets copyright cmassengale 14 Nonvascular Plants Includes mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts (Hepatophyta), and hornworts (Antherophyta) Liverworts copyright cmassengale Hornworts 15 Main Parts of Vascular Plants Stems -Found above ground -Have leaves attached - Photosynthetic part of plant Roots -Found below ground -Absorb water & minerals -Anchor the plant copyright cmassengale 16 Vascular Plants Also called Tracheophytes Subdivided into two groups -Seedless vascular plants and Seedbearing vascular plants copyright cmassengale Club Moss 17 Seedless Vascular Plants Includes club moss (Lycophyta), horsetails (Sphenophyta), whisk ferns (Psilophyta), and ferns (Pterophyta) Whisk ferns copyright cmassengale Horsetails 18 Seed-Producing Vascular Plants Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds copyright cmassengale 19 Gymnosperms Coniferophyta are known as conifers Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir Cycadophyta – cycads Ginkgophyta ginkgo Cycad Ginkgo copyright cmassengale 20 Gymnosperms Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood copyright cmassengale 21 Angiosperms Flowering plants Seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary Ovary is within a flower Flower contains the male (stamen) and/or female (ovaries) parts of the plant Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries (help disperse seeds) copyright cmassengale 22 Angiosperms Division Anthophyta Subdivided into two groups – Monocots and Dicots Monocots have a single seed cotyledon Dicots have two seed cotyledons copyright cmassengale 23 Monocots Parallel venation in leaves Flower parts in multiples of 3 Vascular tissue scattered in cross section of stem copyright cmassengale 24 Dicots Net venation in leaves Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 Vascular tissue in rings in cross section of stem copyright cmassengale 25 How Are Plants All Alike? copyright cmassengale 26 Plant Characteristics Multicellular Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Chlorophylls a and b in thylakoid membranes Surrounded by cell walls containing cellulose (polysaccharide) Store reserve food as amylose (starch) copyright cmassengale 27 Plant Reproduction Alternation of generations life cycle Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage Haploid (1n) gametophyte stage Produce multicellular embryo protected inside multicellular haploid (gametophyte egg sac) tissue copyright cmassengale 28 Plant Reproduction Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage produces haploid spores by meiosis Haploid spores undergo mitosis to produce gametophyte stage Gametophyte makes gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis Zygote (2n) produces the new sporophyte copyright cmassengale 29 Alternation of Generations Gametophyte 2n Sporophyte 2n gametophyte 1n pollen 2n seed with plant embryo Sporophyte Ovary with 1n ovules (eggs) copyright cmassengale 30 Plant Uses copyright cmassengale 31 Why We Can’t do Without Plants! Produce oxygen for the atmosphere Produce lumber for building Provide homes and food for many organisms Prevent erosion Used for food copyright cmassengale 32 More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants! Produce wood pulp for paper products Source of many medicines Ornamental and shade for yards Fibers such as cotton for fabric Dyes copyright cmassengale 33