Transcript plants - Cloudfront.net

Today is March 14, AP Bio Exam May 14!
Get a book
Make and fill in chart
Moss
Seeds?
Vascular?
Mostly in what
phase (life
cycle)?
Fern
Gymnosperm Angiosperm
Friday’s Test
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47 Multiple Choice
2 FRQs—One on plants, one on old material
You will hand me FRQs to exit the room.
If you have blanks, you are staying in
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REVIEW MONDAY:
Cells + Chemistry (2 sets of evidence)
Cross section of a stem: axis of a plant.
Epidermis: outer layer of the stem.
Phloem vessels: tubes that carry glucose
Cambium: new parts of the stem.
Cork: protective covering of the stem.
Pith: central part of the stem.
Xylem vessels: woody part of the stem,
carries water
Cross section of a root: axis of the plant which grows
in the opposite direction from the stem, maintain the
plant in place and absorbs nutrients.
Piliferous stratum: set of cells on the outer layer that
carry the root hairs.
Cortex: part of the root that protects the pith.
Xylem: woody parts of the root, carries water
Phloem: vessels through which glucose circulates.
Pith: central part of the root.
Phellogen: part of the root that produces cork.
Apoplastic Movement
Movement of water and solutes through the cell walls
and the intercellular spaces
No crossing of the plasma membrane
More rapid - less resistance to the flow of water
Translocation, movement of glucose
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http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/ch
apter38/animation_-_phloem_loading.html
Water Potential
Read water potential for dummies
C3 vs C4 animation
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http://spot.pcc.edu/~wdubbs/bi112/animations
%20for%20class/photosynthesis/animations/c3
_c4.swf
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http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectur
es/c4.htm
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http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chap
ter38/animation_-_water_uptake.html
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http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/misc/w
ebfeat/vis2005/show/transpiration.swf
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http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06p
m/transport.htm
Ecology Quiz
Draw and explain the lifecycle of a
plant
Dispatch
1)
2)
3)
4)
What did you learn from
transpiration lab?
Take our calendar and list 3
upcoming deadlines
Monday’s review is
on____________
Read alternation of generation and
take notes
Transpiration
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http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=m
c9gUm1mMzc&fe
ature=related
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Water wants to
move from high to
low water potential
Transpiration on a cellular level
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlmgFYmb
AUg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&per
sist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Moss
Angiosperm
Fern
Gymnosperm
Introduction
to the Plant
Kingdom
copyright cmassengale
22
Early Ancestors
Aquatic to Terrestrial
Life
copyright cmassengale
23
Aquatic Ancestor
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Closest living
species to a
possible land
plant ancestor
Group of green
algae
Called
Charyophyceans
copyright cmassengale
Chara
24
Algae & Land Plant
Similarities
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Both contain chlorophylls a and b
Have chloroplasts with stacks of
thylakoids
Store starch in plastids
Cellulose in cell walls
Go through Alternation of Generations
life Cycle
copyright cmassengale
25
Aquatic Habitat
Terrestrial Habitat
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26
Living in Aquatic Environments
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Plants surrounded by water so
don’t dry out
Sperm swims to egg
Water supports plant
Plants stay in upper surface near
light
Absorb nutrients from the H2O
copyright cmassengale
27
Plant Adaptations to Land
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Problems:
Need minerals
Gravity
Increase in
Height for Light
Adaptations for
Drier
environment
Reproduction
Solutions:
Roots absorb H2O &
minerals
 Lignin & cellulose in cell
walls
 Vascular Transport
System
 Waxy cuticle &
stomata with guard
cells
 Pollen containing sperm
copyright cmassengale
28
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How Are Plants
All Alike?
copyright cmassengale
29
Plant Characteristics
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Multicellular
Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Chlorophylls a and b in thylakoid
membranes
Surrounded by cell walls containing
cellulose (polysaccharide)
Store reserve food as amylose
(starch)
copyright cmassengale
30
Plant Reproduction
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Alternation of generations life
cycle
Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage
Haploid (1n) gametophyte stage
Produce multicellular embryo
protected inside multicellular
haploid (gametophyte egg sac)
tissue
copyright cmassengale
31
Plant Reproduction
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Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage
produces haploid spores by
meiosis
Haploid spores undergo mitosis to
produce gametophyte stage
Gametophyte makes gametes
(eggs and sperm) by meiosis
Zygote (2n) produces the new
sporophyte
copyright cmassengale
32
Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte
2n Sporophyte
2n gametophyte
1n pollen
2n seed with
plant embryo
Sporophyte
Ovary with
1n ovules
(eggs)
copyright cmassengale
33
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Moss Life Cycle
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anim
ations/content/moss.html
Angiosperm Life Cycle
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animati
ons/content/angiosperm.html
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Plant
Divisions
copyright cmassengale
35
Taxonomy
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Plants are divided
into two groups
Based on the
presence or
absence of an
internal transport
system for water
and dissolved
materials
Called Vascular
System
Vascular
Bundles
copyright cmassengale
36
Vascular System
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Xylem tissue carries water and
minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made
by photosynthesis from the leaves
to where they will be stored or
used
Sap is the fluid carried inside the
xylem or phloem
copyright cmassengale
37
Nonvascular Plants
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Do not have
vascular tissue
for support or
conduction of
materials
Called
Bryophytes
Require a
constantly moist
environment
Sporophyte stage
Gametophyte
Stage
Moss Gametophytes &
copyright cmassengale
Sporophytes
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Nonvascular Plants
Plants can’t grow as tall
 Cells must be in direct contact
with moisture
 Materials move by diffusion
cell-to-cell
 Sperm must swim to egg
through water droplets
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copyright cmassengale
39
Nonvascular Plants
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Includes mosses (Bryophyta),
liverworts (Hepatophyta), and
hornworts (Antherophyta)
Liverworts
copyright cmassengale
Hornworts
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Main Parts of Vascular
Plants
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Shoots
-Found above ground
-Have leaves attached
- Photosynthetic part of
plant
Roots
-Found below ground
-Absorb water & minerals
-Anchor the plant
copyright cmassengale
41
Vascular Plants
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Also called
Tracheophytes
Subdivided into
two groups -Seedless
vascular plants
and Seedbearing vascular
plants
copyright cmassengale
Club Moss
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Includes club moss (Lycophyta),
horsetails (Sphenophyta), whisk
ferns (Psilophyta), and ferns
(Pterophyta)
Whisk ferns
copyright cmassengale
Horsetails
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Seed-Producing Vascular
Plants
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Includes two groups –
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms have naked seeds in
cones
Angiosperms have flowers that
produce seeds to attract
pollinators and produce seeds
copyright cmassengale
44
Gymnosperms
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Coniferophyta are
known as conifers
Includes pine,
cedar, spruce, and
fir
Cycadophyta –
cycads
Ginkgophyta ginkgo
Cycad
Ginkgo
copyright cmassengale
45
Gymnosperms
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Contains the
oldest living
plant – Bristle
cone pine
Contains the
tallest living
plant – Sequoia
or redwood
copyright cmassengale
46
Angiosperms
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Flowering plants
Seeds are formed when an
egg or ovule is fertilized by
pollen in the ovary
Ovary is within a flower
Flower contains the male
(stamen) and/or female
(ovaries) parts of the plant
Fruits are frequently
produced from these
ripened ovaries (help
disperse seeds)
copyright cmassengale
47
Angiosperms
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Division Anthophyta
Subdivided into two groups –
Monocots and Dicots
Monocots have a single seed
cotyledon
Dicots have two seed cotyledons
copyright cmassengale
48
Monocots
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Parallel
venation in
leaves
Flower parts in
multiples of 3
Vascular tissue
scattered in
cross section
of stem
copyright cmassengale
49
Dicots
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Net venation in
leaves
Flower parts in
multiples of 4
or 5
Vascular tissue
in rings in
cross section
of stem
copyright cmassengale
50
Plant Uses
copyright cmassengale
51
Why We Can’t do Without
Plants!
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Produce oxygen for the
atmosphere
Produce lumber for building
Provide homes and food for many
organisms
Prevent erosion
Used for food
copyright cmassengale
52
More Reasons We Can’t do
Without Plants!
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Produce wood pulp for paper
products
Source of many medicines
Ornamental and shade for yards
Fibers such as cotton for fabric
Dyes
copyright cmassengale
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