Transcript PLP 3104 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY GROUP 3

PLP 3104
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY
PROF MADYA DR. NUR AZURA BINTI ADAM
Ketua
Jabatan Perlindungan Tumbuhan, Tingkat 2, Block E,
Tel: 0389474922/0193031072
[email protected]
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON
INSECT
1.
2.
3.
4.
Miilipede/gonggok is an insect. T/F
Insect can smell. T/F
All insects can fly. T/F
Which one is an insect?
A
B
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON
INSECT
5. Name one type of insect’s legs
6. What does it mean by crepuscular insect?
7. Insects have 3-5 pairs of legs. T/F
8. Does insect has bone? Y/N
9. Legs of an insect is located on the abdomen.
T/F
10. What is spermatheca?
INSECT OVERVIEW &
THE ENVIRONMENT
• General view of insects
• Why insects is successful
• The importance of insects
– Examples
WHY STUDY INSECTS??
• ESTIMATION: 2 MILL. ANIMAL
SPECIES
• >70% ARE INSECTS SPECIES
Why so successful?
• 1) Exoskeleton
– Outside of the body unlike vertebrate
– Gives shape & support to soft tissues
– protection from attack or injury
– minimizes the loss of body fluids in both arid
and freshwater environments (has wax)
– assures mechanical advantage to muscles for
strength and agility in movement.
Why so successful?
•2) small size
•Fairyflies (Hymenoptera:
Mymaridae)
33 cm: stick insect
•no more than 0.139 mm in
length.
goliath beetle: 100 g
Why so successful?
• Being small, exoskeleton also small
• Being big, exosk. must be big: HEAVY!!!!!
• minimal resources needed for survival and
reproduction
Leafminer
mealybugs
• Easy to hide from predator
• hide in the cracks of a rock, beneath the
bark of a tree, behind the petal of a flower
Mole cricket
• 3) Flight
– the only invertebrate that can fly
– highly effective mode of escape from
predators
– efficient means of transportation, allowing
populations to expand more quickly into new
habitats
The migratory locust,
Schistocerca gregaria,
can fly for up to 9 hours
without stopping
• 4) reproductive potential
– Produce large number of eggs
– High fertility (most eggs hatch)
– Short life cycle
– Female have spermatheca for sperm storage
– Asexual reproduction (aphids,thrips,scale
insects: males are absent)
• 5) metamorphosis
– 86% insect species undergo complete
metamorphosis
– immatures and adults (imago) may consume
different types of food, exploit different
environmental resources, and even occupy
different habitats.
– Eg: butterfly: larva consumes leaves, adult
comsumes nectar
• 6) adaptation of appendages
– Various type of mouth(piercing,
sucking,chewing)
– Consume various type of food
THE IMPORTANCE
• 1) PEST of crops/food/other products a
• 2) VECTORS of diseases:
i) Malaria (Anopheles spp., female)- protozoa
Plasmodium falciparum
– ii) Dengue: Aedes aegypti
Virus Flavivirus
Chikungunya: Aedes sp.
– iii) Enteric diseases (Bacterial and viral
infections of the gastrointestinal tract)
•
•
Eg: Cholera, Typhoid Fever
Usually by housefly: fecal contamination of
food and water
– iv) Sleeping sickness (Africa)
•
A bite from Tsetse fly: protozoa Trypanosoma
brucei
• 3) POLLINATOR : for plants
Halictid bee
Honey bee
• 4) Food source for animals/human
• 5) Decomposers (dung beetle, flies etc.)
• 6) Bioindicator of stream health
– Dragonfly spp
• 7) Biotic indicator for Forensic Entomology
– Some flies, spp. colonizing human corpse
• 8) Production
– Honey & Wax (Apis mellifera)
– Silk (silkworm (Bombyx mori)
– Cochneal (red dye) (Scale insect)
– Shellac (Scale insect)
• 9) Medical purposes
– Maggots (Diabetic patient):"blow flies
(Calliphoridae)
– Anticoagulant (Black flies) : keep
laboratory blood specimens from clotting