Transcript 3/24 - Utexas

Bonus #2 due now
(Bonus #3 is posted)
Today:
plant biotech and
an intro to animals
Human resource production and use
Worldwide Grain Production
and Consumption
http://www.earth-policy.org/Indicators/Grain/2006.htm
We can now directly insert new genes into
or modify existing genes of plants
CB 20.2
Why Change a Plant’s DNA?
• Can change plant so that it has new
or different characteristics
– Produce needed protein
– Insect resistance (Bt toxin)
– Herbicide resistance (Round-up)
– Drought or other stress resistance
– Chemical remediation
Millions of Hectares
Is genetically engineering plants a good idea?
Worldwide area planted with
genetically modified crops
http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
Texas =
70 ha
Is changing a plant’s DNA a good
or bad idea?
• Genes flow within species and between
species.
• Are GM foods safe for the
environment?
• Are GM foods profitable for:
– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
Pollution in Gulf
of Mexico from
run-off in the
Mississippi river
‘07
http://blog.nola.com/timespicayune/2007/06/despite_promises_to_fix_i
t_the.html(Staff graphic by Dan Swenson)
Pollen is easily transferred from plant to plant,
and to related species.
Genetic information moves.
GM crops found
in Oaxaca and
other MX states
GM crops illegal
Genetic information moves,
and is self-replicating.
GM crops found
in Oaxaca and
other MX states
GM crops illegal
Is changing a plant’s DNA a good
or bad idea?
• Genes flow within species and between
species.
• Are GM foods safe for the
environment?
• Are GM foods profitable for:
– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
Types of Genetically Modified Crops
Herbicide Tolerance; Insect Resistance; Viral Resistance
Monsanto stock price: 3/24/08 at 12:30pm= $106
130
adjusted closing stock price $
120
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12/2/00
4/16/02
8/29/03
1/10/05
date
5/25/06
10/7/07
Grain farmer claims moral victory in seed battle
Ten years after he took on the multinational
Monsanto, Saskatchewan man gets $660 and the
right to talk about it
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080320.FARMER20/TPStory/National
The Schmeisers' saga began more than 10 years ago,
when Monsanto sued them after plants grown from
genetically modified canola seeds were found on the
couple's farm near Bruno, Sask., about 90 kilometres
east of Saskatoon.
The company said the Schmeisers violated its patent on
the seeds, which had been genetically modified to resist
Monsanto-brand herbicide, and that the couple
knowingly planted them without paying the technology
fees. Monsanto's claim sought damages totalling
$400,000.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080320.FARMER20/TPStory/National
But the Schmeisers denied using the Monsanto seeds,
arguing that the seeds blew onto their property from a
nearby road or neighbouring farms.
In 2004, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favour of
Monsanto, stating that plant genes and modified cells
can be patented. Although the Schmeisers lost the case,
the court ruled they did not have to pay damages.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080320.FARMER20/TPStory/National
Grain farmer claims moral victory in seed battle
Ten years after he took on the multinational
Monsanto, Saskatchewan man gets $660 and the
right to talk about it
The following year, more of the genetically
modified canola appeared on the Schmeisers' farm.
They pulled it out themselves and sent Monsanto a
bill for $660.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080320.FARMER20/TPStory/National
Many Questions, but Few
Answers?
• Genes flow within species and between
species.
• Are GM foods safe for the
environment?
• Are GM foods profitable for:
– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
Life as we know it…
the animals
CB 26.22
One important consideration of structure and
function…surface area
http://www.celebratebig.com/chile/index3.htm
Nalca leaves
One important
consideration of structure
and function…surface area
CB 40.3
Why is surface area
so critical?
Animals (and plants)
must exchange
various components
with the environment
CB 40.4
Organisms are organized:
atoms
molecules
organelles
cells
organisms
tissues
organs
systems
Four major tissue types in animals:
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
Epithelieal
tissue:
Covers and
lines body
and/or parts.
Tightly packed
cells.
CB 40.5
Connective
tissue:
Holds and
supports. Few
cells with an
extensive
extracellular
matrix.
CB 40.5
Muscle tissue:
Movement.
Long muscle
fibers cells.
Nerve tissue:
Signaling.
Generally long
cells, neurons.
CB 40.5
Different tissues that
comprise the stomach,
an organ.
CB 40.6
Homeostasis:
Maintaining a
steady-state
internal
condition
CB 40.11
Bonus #2 due now
(Bonus #3 is posted)
Today:
plant biotech and
an intro to animals