Transcript powerpoint
Land Biomes Review Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Rain Forest • Hot and wet year-round • Thin, nutrient-poor soils • Broad-leafed evergreen trees, ferns, vines, orchids and bromeliads • Sloths, monkeys, toucans, ants, beetles, piranhas, boa constrictors and anacondas, jaguars, parrots, parakeets • Canopy and under story present Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Dry Forest Tropical Dry Forest • Warm year-round, alternating wet and dry season and rich soils that are subject to erosion • Rain is seasonal rather than year-round • Trees drop leaves to conserve water during dry season (deciduous) • Tall, deciduous trees, drought-tolerant orchids, bromeliads and aloes • Tigers, monkeys, elephants, pelicans, snakes and monitor lizards. Tropical Dry Forest Tropical Savanna Tropical Savanna • Receives more rainfall than deserts, but less than tropical dry forests • Covered in grasses with isolated trees and small shrubs • Has compact soils, fairly frequent fires and the action of large animals prevent them from turning into dry forest Tropical Savanna • Warm temperatures, seasonal rainfall, compact soil and frequent fires set by lightning • Tall grasses and drought-tolerant and fire-resistant trees and/or shrubs • Lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, elephants, giraffes, zebras, baboons, termites Tropical Savanna Desert Desert • Annual precipitation is less than 25 cm per year! • Deserts vary greatly, depending on elevation and latitude • Extreme temperature changes during the course of a day • Soils rich in minerals but poor in organic material Desert Desert Temperate Grassland Temperate Grassland • Once covered vast areas of the midwestern and central U.S; most have been converted to agricultural fields now • Periodic fires and heavy grazing by large herbivores • Warm to hot summers, cold winters • Moderate, seasonal precipitation • Fertile soils Temperate Grassland • Lush, perennial grasses that are resistant to drought, fire and cold • Coyotes, badgers, antelope, prairie dogs, snakes, ants, grasshoppers, mule deer, rabbits and prairie chickens and historically included wolves, grizzly bears and bison. Temperate Grassland Temperate Woodland and Shrubland Temperate Woodland and Shrubland • Hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters • Thin, nutrient-poor soils and periodic fires • Woody evergreen shrubs with small leather leaves; fragrant, oily herbs that grow during winter and die in summer • Dense, low plants that contain flammable oils makes fires a constant threat Temperate Woodland and Shrubland • Also known as chaparral • Includes coyotes, foxes, bobcats, mountain lions, deer, rabbits, squirrels, hawks, lizards, snakes and butterflies Temperate Woodland and Shrubland Temperate Deciduous Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest • Contains a mixture of deciduous and coniferous forests • Cold winters that halt plant growth for several months • Deciduous trees shed their leaves in fall • Contains a ground layer of mosses and ferns • Soils are rich in humus, a material Temperate Deciduous Forest • Cold to moderate winters and warm summers • Year-round precipitation • Fertile soils • Deer, black bears, bobcats, squirrels, raccoons, skunks, songbirds and turkeys Temperate Deciduous Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest Northwestern Coniferous Forest Northwestern Coniferous Forest • Mild, moist air from the Pacific Ocean provides abundant rainfall to this biome. • Conifers (giant redwoods, spruce, fir and hemlock), moss, flowering trees • Also called the “temperate rain forest” • Abundant precipitation during fall, winter and spring. • Relatively cool and dry summer • Rocky, acidic soils • Bears, elk, deer, beavers, owls, bobcats and weasels Northwestern Coniferous Forest Boreal Forest (taiga) Boreal forest (taiga) • Dense, evergreen forests of mostly conifers. • Winters are bitterly cold and long, but the summers are mild and long enough to allow the ground to thaw. • Moderate precipitation • High humidity • Acidic, nutrient-poor soils Boreal forest (taiga) • Coniferous trees such as spruce and fir, some deciduous trees and small, berry-bearing shrubs • Lynxes and timber wolves and weasels, small herbivorous mammals, moose and other large herbivores, beavers and migratory birds and songbirds. Boreal Forest (taiga) Tundra Tundra • Has a layer of permanently frozen subsoil called permafrost. • Short, cool summers • Cycle of thawing and freezing rips and crushes plant roots, so the plants here are small and stunted • High winds, low precipitation, short and soggy summers and long, cold and dark winters • Poorly developed soils Tundra • Mosses, lichens and short grasses • Migratory waterfowl, shore birds, musk ox, arctic foxes, caribou, small rodents • Organisms that live here have to withstand the harsh conditions! Tundra