Transcript Temperate Deciduous Forest - cooklowery14-15

Temperate Deciduous Forest
Chris: Zoologist, William: Botanist,
Karl: Geographer and
Kishan: Meteorologist
KARL: GEOGRAPHER
Locations
Temperate deciduous
forests can be found in the
eastern part of the United
States and most of Europe,
Canada and parts of China
and Japan.
MAP OF TEMPERATE
DECIDUOUS FORESTS
• With an elevation range
of 6,640–6,821 feet, you
would see lots of hills.
You would see many
rivers, here are some
main ones Mekong,
Chaopraya, Murray,
Amazon, Mississippi,
Hudson, Rhine, Rhone,
Po, Congo, Niger, Severn
and Shannon.
The Human effect
Humans cut down trees and
plants, for paper, chairs,
tables, etc. Also, humans take
foods, ex-nuts, berries,
animals, fish, etc. Taking
these things will ruin animals
homes and create more air
pollution. I know it doesn't
seem like such a big deal but
think of hundreds off people
doing that in a day and all of
the heavy machinery, gas and
oil that goes into cutting
down the trees. All that
pollution can kill animals from
the wastes.
CREDITS
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http://worldbiomes2014.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/1/38217547/5574048_orig.png
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http://bioexpedition.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/04/Temperate_Deciduous_Forest_2_600.jp
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http://www.lowes.com/cd_Chain+Saw+Safety_1281727450_
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chainsaw
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http://www.ducksters.com/science/ecosystems/temperate_forest_biome.php
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http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sodn/parks/gicl.cfm
•
https://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/8984515v5458945-trapper-s-cabin-near-bennett-chilkoot-pass
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest#Human_effects
•
http://www.slideshare.net/16onh/the-deciduous-forest
•
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Dark+Forest&Form=IQFRDR&adlt=strict#view=detail&id=2D01C73E32
AD5253B1E8AD72EE77245B064EA7EB&selectedIndex=0
KISHAN: METEOROLOGY
Temperature
In the temperate deciduous forest, the temperature usually ranges from
-22°F – 86°F. The temperate deciduous forest has 4 seasons, winter,
spring, summer and fall. The average temperature is about 70°F in
the summer and below freezing in the winter. Summer months begin in
late June and end in late August. Winter months don’t start until
December. The climate is very swift and dramatic. Over a year it goes
from cold and snowy to hot and rainy.
Precipitation
In the temperate deciduous forest, the average amount of rainfall per
year is about 50 cm. Also in colder regions the rainfall can have up to
200 cm/year. The precipitation happens year round and is usually it at
its highest in the spring and in the early summer. It is ranked the most
wet biome next to rainforests. Snow usually occurs in late fall and
winter. Frost occurs throughout the forest in the fall, due to
precipitation. Overall it is rainy or snowy most of the time and
considered to be a very wet environment.
Humidity
Humidity is very high in the temperate deciduous forest. Humidity
ranges from 60% - 80% throughout the year. Being near the cool lake
waters makes for a cooler and less humid summer. The humidity also
depends on the forests altitude. Higher up in the mountains the
humidity will be lower. The humidity determines how much precipitation
there will be. It also causes fog and dew.
Air pressure
• The temperate deciduous forests near the equator have very low air
pressure. Scientists call this a low pressure zone. Clouds cannot
exist in high pressure so they are more common near the equator.
This makes for a lot of precipitation such as rain or snow.
Wind speeds
• The wind speeds are not very high in the temperate deciduous
forest. They usually range from about 8-15 mph. In the winter
months the wind speed usually is higher at around 13-15 mph. In the
summer months however the wind speeds are lower and usually
range from 8-11 mph.
How animals have adapted to the
weather conditions
• Animals, such as bears, adapt to this weather by hibernating in the
winter. This means they go into a sleep like state where they breathe
very slowly. Birds adapt to the harsh winter climates by migrating
south where it is very warm.
How plants have adapted to the
weather conditions
• Plants in the temperate deciduous forest lose their leaves in the
winter time because broad leaves can cause great water loss. Trees
adapt to the climate by having very thick bark which helps them stay
warm when it gets cold in the winter time. Some plants also adapt to
the climate by being able to lean towards the sun.
Meteorologist’s Work Cited
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https://prezi.com/mwjjahdwerle/deciduous-forest-biome/
https://prezi.com/0f53tx5hvhw8/the-temperate-forest/
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/biotemperate.php
http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/tempded.htm
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_forest.htm
http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep8c.htm
http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forsite/tdfbiome.htm
http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/temperateforest.html
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_climate_page.htm
http://www.softschools.com/facts/biomes/temperate_deciduous_forest_biome_facts/161/
http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/temperate-deciduous-forests/
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/dforest.html
https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=94
http://www.bioexpedition.com/temperate-deciduous-forest-biome/
http://www.fossweb.com/delegate/ssi-fossucm/Contribution%20Folders/FOSS/multimedia_ms_1E/WeatherandWater/climatefactors/re
gions/deciduous_forest/content.html
WILLIAM: BOTANY
Lady Fern
• This plant is primarily used as
decorations in houses and grows
around 2-3 feet tall. They usually grow
near rivers, open thickets and open
areas. Many animals such as bears
and elks eat these plants while
American Indians used them as
medicine for childbirth and to heal
wounds.
Pecan Tree
• ENORMOUS up to 160 feet tall, the pecans
we eat come from this tree. This tree is not
endangered and grows mostly in
environments that have a varying climate.
It uses flowers to make the nuts which
keep animals fertilizing it. Over 250 million
pounds of pecans are produced from all
the trees in the world in 1 year. This keeps
animals from eating the actual tree.
American Beech Tree
• This tree grows up to 90-100 feet tall
and the roots grow up to 60 feet
away from the tree to absorb
nutrients. Their buds look like bullets
and it can’t live in the city. It has large
leaves and is very sturdy and is used
for many types of furniture. Their
nuts are easily edible and they can be
eaten without any special
procedures. Some of the roots are
above ground and prohibit anything
else from growing so it can get all the
nutrients.
Guelder Rose
• It can "stand" up to 10 feet tall which
intimidates herbivores and omnivores.
It's berries can be used for ink while
it's flower and bark can be used for
other purposes like medicine. In
Canada people still use it as a food
source instead of cranberries. It lives in
a cool climate even in these forests.
Northern Arrowhead
• It is 4 inches long and 3 inches
across. They were used by Native
Americans as arrow shafts. Many
animals eat either it's leaves or
berries and it can can grow up to
15 feet tall. It grows along
waterways such as rivers. It's
flowers are a decorators choice.
This plant is so large, most animals
don't try to eat it.
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White Oak
This plant is 80-100 feet tall and can
live up to 500-600 years. Some
flowers are so small they are
invisible to the naked eye. The seeds
are acorns eaten by multiple
animals. It can grow almost
anywhere and is definitely not
endangered. It's the 2nd most
common tree in the world and the
most common in Europe and the
eastern United States. It has a tap
root that can go up to 20 feet deep.
As it gets older the taproot is not
needed so it is replaced with simple
surface roots and underground thin
laterals (underground roots) grow.
Humans value it as our main and
most powerful source of wood. The
powerful roots give it water and
nutrients. The flower holds the
acorns until it is ready to plant a
new tree.
Shagbark Hickory
• This tree looks ashy,
like it was lit aflame
then extinguished. It
also has different
genders. Flowers have
to be fertilized by each
other to reproduce the
tree 100 feet tall. This
tree grows best among
other Oak trees. It
makes animals not
think it is alive so they
stay away.
Tawny Milk Cap Mushrooms
• This mushroom is edible and smells like
fish. It is a major decomposer in the
ecosystem. It eats wood by using special
chemicals. Insects most commonly spread
the spores of this plant so it can
reproduce. The light doesn't help them
grow, it sucks the nutrients from other
things like water. Technically not a plant or
an animal but a fungi. It is 2 to 5 in wide
and up to 9 in tall. It is found primarily in
the forests in Canada, Japan, Eastern
United States and Europe. It is the most
common decomposer in these areas. It
can turn black so animals think it is dead
and they don't try to eat it even though it
is edible. With their small shape they are
easy to miss.
Poison Ivy
• This plant produces a defense
mechanism that causes bare
skin to become irritated, this
happens when you run into
Poison Ivy. Poison Ivy is quite
common in these forests. This
plant is very adaptable and
needs very little nutrition for it
to grow. It is quite a simple
plant. It has normal roots and
everything else. Its leaves are
covered in a chemical it
produces called uruchiol, which
keeps animals and humans
away.
Pine Tree
• This plant is very common in the
forests that are at a lower
climate while other trees are
most common in higher climates.
Unlike most other trees its leaves
don't fall off in the fall. They are
sharp leaves and they fly in the
wind and fight against the harsh
conditions. Another way they
stay on the tree is their small
size. It's leaves staying alive helps
it get enough nutrition in brutal
landscapes. This plant lives most
commonly in colder areas.
Abiotic Factors Part 1
Abiotic factors are non-living things in forests.
Including Rocks, Soil (nutrients), Water, Sunlight,
Wind, Air, Temperature, Dead animals and plants.
Rocks are made of simple material that prohibits
plants from growing through them so they find a
away around. Some plants (including trees) find ways
to crack through rocks. Soil provides necessary
nutrients to the plants. Water provides other
nutrients soil does not. Sunlight gives plants
photosynthesis that is energy like a big breakfast of
energy drinks.
Abiotic factors Part 2
The Wind changing can change where the plants
seeds go. The C02 in the air can be
transformed to oxygen by plants. Dead
animals and plants make the nutrients in the
soil greater.
Biotic Factors Part 1
• Biotic Factors are factors that determine different
things about the plants that are alive.
• Including Humans, Animals and other plants
• The Biotic factors that effect plants in the
Temperate Deciduous Forest are other plants and
animals because the only impacts humans have
had on these areas were minor development.
While other plants and animals effect these
forests every day and have for so many years.
Biotic Factors part 2
• Animals mostly affect these plants by eating
them almost all omnivores and herbivores eat
plants to live daily. Animals also help some
plants by spreading their seeds.
• Other plants usually hurt plants in the central
vicinity of each other usually by taking vital
nutrients like water.
CHRISTOPHER: ZOOLOGY
Biotic and Abiotic factors
• Biotic factors are living things that help animals
survive; a few of them would be trees and plants for
herbivores, and animals and bugs for carnivores.
• Abiotic factors are non-living things that also help
animals survive. Some of these are not directly
related to animals. Soil helps plants grow, so
herbivores have food, healthy herbivores most likely
lead to healthy carnivores. Water is another abiotic
factor, as all animals need it to survive.
2 food chains
Bald Eagle
• The bald eagle is a bird native to North America. This majestic
bird is a carnivore. It eats fish, mammals, reptiles, seabirds,
and dead animals. Sometimes they even steal from other
birds mid-flight. Some adaptations that this eagle has are:
• Sharp talons to catch prey.
• A bony overhang over the eyes to block glare when hunting
• A curved beak to tear fish apart.
Platypus
The platypus is one of the only egg laying mammals on Earth. They live in
temperate forests in Australia. The platypus is a carnivore. It eats fish,
shrimp, and larvae. The platypus has many adaptations to help it survive.
These include:
A 6th sense; electrocepters in the beak to feel electricity given off by
organisms.
Thick fur to keep warm.
Webbed feet to swim fast.
A tail that stores fat.
Venomous spurs to defend their selves
Northern Copperhead
The northern copperhead is a
carnivorous snake. It eats
mammals, reptiles, birds, and
frogs. Some of it’s adaptations
are heat vision (to sense prey
and strike accurately) and
venom (to kill prey).
White tail deer
The whitetail deer is a herbivore that you can see just about
anywhere (if you’re lucky)! This deer has an adaptation of
camouflage to blend in from wolves and bears.
Moose
The moose is the largest of the deer family.
They can weigh more than 1000 lbs.! The
moose an herbivore. Since it is so big it has
very little enemies. The moose is also very
fast.
Chipmunk
• This little rodent is a member of the
herbivorous squirrel family. It eats like a
typical squirrel; nuts and berries. This animal
has camouflage to keep it hidden from
predators. It also has claws to dig holes in the
ground.
Black Bear
Black bears are omnivores that eat mainly
plants. This bear uses a few adaptations that
include claws to climb trees and fur to stay warm.
Box Turtle
Box turtles are omnivores.
They eat plants and insects.
These animals have features
to help them survive, like a
shell to protect it and a beak
to eat plants.
Coyotes
• Coyotes are fox like animals that eat rabbits, mice, reptiles,
fruit, insects. They sometimes form a pack to hunt deer. They
have very sharp senses of smell and hearing. They are also
very smart. They can kill off a population of small animals fast,
which usually disrupts the ecosystem.
Earthworm
• The earthworm is a decomposer. It is very
important because without it, the forest
plants wouldn’t get all their nutrients and
dead animals would pile up all over the place.
Sources
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Pictures
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rimg%3ACSl9UvE_1u3DIjjF711B1G90gWfexjH7IL1WNGQIiU4NzuxY87p4BIlI1F9V7rxKBV29n2GeF5EC4QbliYnIsLQ5MyoSCcXvXUHUb3SBEb4pGA9WG38hKhIJZ97GMfsgvVYRiy3_1aq7FYcqEgk0ZAiJTg3O7BF93stQTNN8hSoSCVjzungEiUjUEbT9Zbn_1nvApKhIJX1XuvEoFXb0Rx_1Xo6RzbmiMqEgmfYZ4XkQLhBhGwec2z7xdRYSoSCeWJiciwtDkzEVw27x6vPtM5&
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Sources Research
• http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous
_animal_page.htm
• http://inchinapinch.com/hab_pgs/terres/d_fo
rest/animals.htm
• Books
• Reptiles and Amphibians by Mark O’Shea and
Tim Halliday
• Mammals
Fun Facts
• Much of the forests in Western Europe are gone due to overdevelopment.
Unfortunately, the ones in Eastern Europe are now dying from acid rain.
• A single oak tree can produce 90,000 acorns in one year.
• Trees use birds, acorns, and even the wind to spread their seed
throughout the forest.
• Deciduous is a Latin word that means "to fall off".