Transcript Temperature Range

Tundra
Coniferous Forest
Temperate Grassland
Temperate Broadleaf
Dilnar, David, Molly, Caroline
B Block
By:
Dilnar Mahmut
Tundra Facts
• Temperature Range:
Summer: 40 degrees
Fahrenheit to 50 degrees
Fahrenheit. Winter: 20
degrees Fahrenheit
maximum. Average -20
degrees Fahrenheit to -30
degrees Fahrenheit.
-Annual Precipitation:
6 to 10 inches
-I think that this biome is a very cold,
life-less and dull place. The colors are
dull and somber. It is a very opposite
landscape compared to the New
England landscape.
-Latitude:
75 degrees North to 60 degrees
North. Greenland, Alaska, Russia,
Canada.
Two Plant Species in the Tundra
-Arctic Moss:
Found in the bottom of tundra
lake beds. Shallow roots
called rhizoids. Slow growing.
Store nutrients in winter.
Grow near to ground because
of strong winds.
-Arctic Willow:
Shallow root depth to adapt to
permafrost. Form pesticide in
summer to keep away
insects. Long fuzzy hairs on
leaves to keep warm in tundra
weather.
Two Animal Species in the Tundra
-Arctic Fox:
Round, short body with thick coat to
minimize amount of skin exposed to
frigid air. Ecological niche: small
mammals, carcasses, small berries.
Build dens and mating season is in
Spring.
-Polar Bear:
Black skin and white fur to absorb
sunlight and heat. Paws are
designed specially for tundra
landscape. Short ears to minimize
heat loss. Ecological niche: seals,
dead carcasses of whales. Live near
water and ice follies.
Abiotic Factors and Ecological Disturbance
-Two Abiotic Factors:
Wind: Strong winds make tundra
cold and force plants to grow low
to the ground.
Water: Water cannot penetrate
underlying permafrost which
forces plants to have shallow
roots.
-Ecological Disturbance:
When glaciers retreat, they leave
moraines on the bays . This is
secondary succession . The
species that would follow in tundra
would be mosses like the Arctic
Moss and Arctic Willow.
Coniferous Forest
By: David Oluwadara
Coniferous
Forest
Temperature Range: -40°C to 20°C
Annual Precipitation: 300 to 900 millimeters of rain per year
Latitude: Between 86 and 98 degrees north
Personal impression:
The Coniferous Forest is an interesting biome, because there, trees grow
Needles instead of leaves, and cones instead of flowers. Characteristics like
Those help the different conifers grow in cold or dry areas. Without trees from
The Coniferous Forest, Christmas wouldn't be the same, because that's where
We get the trees from.
Plant species found in the Coniferous Forest
1. Blue Spruce
2. Balsam Fir
Plant species found in the Coniferous Forest:
1. Blue Spruce Tree
2. Balsam Fir Tree
The blue spruce and balsam tree reside in coniferous forests, because of
the temperature and environment there. These trees can not reside in other
Biomes, because they have pine needles and compared to leaves of other
trees, have a smaller surface area. That means they won't be able to take
in as much sunlight as other plants and produce as much food. The dark color
Of the pines, compared to a light color, is an advantage, because the darkColored pines captures more sunlight.
Animals found in the Coniferous Forest
1. Moose
2. Tassel-eared squirrel
Animal Species found in the Coniferous Forest:
1. Moose
2. Tassel-eared squirrels
Like the plant species, the moose and the tassel-eared squirrel reside in
the coniferous forests, because of the environment. The niches of a moose are
food, water, and sulight. The moose has hollow hair, which helps the moose stay
warm in the cold weather because it's a good insulator. If it where elsewhere, the
moose would become very hot due to all the constant heat it would insulate. Even
though the tassel-eared squirrel's hair is not hollow, it only lives in the coniferous
forest because of the Ponderosa pines. The niches of a tassel-eared squirrel are
The Ponderosa pines, water, sunlight, and shelter.
Abiotic Factors:
1. Rocks and Soil
The rocks and soil affect the characteristics of the roots of trees.
Since there isn't that much moisture or nutrients in the soil, the trees
have roots that spread out to take advantage of the moisture. The
condition of the soil is rocky and poor which makes the roots shallow.
A majority of trees elsewhere need and have long and deep roots to
get nutrients from the soil, which isn't the case for trees in the coniferous
forest.
2. Temperature
The average temperature in the coniferous forest is very cold. Due
To the low temperatures, animals in the coniferous forest have fur to keep
Them warm and insulate any heat that may be given. For the plants, since
The needles have little sap, freezing them isn't that much of a problem.
Ecological Disturbance
Example: Forest fire
Result:
If a fire were to happen in a coniferous forest, secondary succession would
Occur. This would happen because, after the fire, the soil would still be intact,
So the surrounding area or community would return to its original state. Secondary
Succession would occur more rapidly, because of the soil that was already present
From the community before its time. First would come the grass, then the herbs,
Then, finally the trees.
Temperate Grasslands
Molly Mamon
Temperature Range
-40°F--70°F
Annual Precipitation
About 20-35 inches
Latitude
Around 25°N and 25°S
Description
Temperate Grasslands are plains and prairies—long
expanses of grass with deep, nutrient-rich soil. Not
many trees grow, instead they consist mostly of
grass and smaller species of plants. They have wild
fires and droughts that keep the soil rich and allow
some plants to be destroyed and grown again.
Plant Species Present
Perennial grass—Type of tall grass with
underground stems and buds, so it is not easily
destroyed by wild fires.
Sunflowers—Also have underground stems and
buds, which save it from fires, and the soil is rich
enough in nutrients for them to to grow.
Animal Species Present
Prairie dogs—Type of rodent, creates tunnels and
living spaces in the deep soil.
Bison—Large grazing animals that eat the grasses.
Abiotic Factors
Soil—Deep and nutrient rich. Allows some plants to
grow easily and rodents to build shelters.
Precipitation—Low amount makes temperate
grassland very dry, which is good for certain species
of plants to grow.
Ecologic Disturbance Effects
If there were a fire, all of the shrubs would be destroyed, but
the grass and most other plants would remain because of their
underground stems. This is called secondary succession
because the existing community (the shrub) is cleared out by a
disturbance (the fire) but the soil remains intact. Since the soil
is so deep, it stays the same. Once the shrub is gone, more
plants (shrubs or flowers) will grow because the soil is very rich
in nutrients.
Temperate Broadleaf
Stats
• Temperature Range: -30˚C to 30˚C
• Annual Precipitation: 750 to 1,500mm
per year
• Latitude: 0-50˚ north latitude
Description
• Temperate Broadleaf is the typical
environment of the North East. The
broadleaf trees are exposed to four
seasons, so they must adapt to the
colder weather by changing color and
losing their leaves. There is a verity of
trees in temperate broadleaf forests,
such as oak, maple, beech, and
chestnut.
Plant Species
• Maple and Chestnut trees live in the temperate broadleaf biome
because they are able to adapt to the changing seasons by losing
their leaves and conserving their energy for the spring and summer.
These trees need the annual precipitation and nutrient filled soil
found north of tropical climates and south of arctic climates.
Animal Species
• Eastern Gray Squirrels and raccoons live in the temperate broadleaf
biome because they have special adaptations needed for seasonal
life. They store fat and hibernate during the winters when they need
warmth and have no food during the winter. Both animals have
dense fur to keep them warm during the winter. These animals live
in the trees and feed off of their bark, nuts, and seeds. Squirrels and
raccoons need the dense forests for food, shelter, and protection.
Abiotic Factors
• The temperate broadleaf is characterized by
its year-round precipitation and by its
changing seasons. The annual precipitation is
spread relatively evenly throughout the year,
so plants do not dry up before the next
rainfall, saying green and healthy. The only
plants and wild life that can live in the
temperate broadleaf biome have adaptable
characteristics because the four changing
seasons affect the environment dramatically
each year.
Disturbance Effects
• There is a fire in the temperate broadleaf forest biome!
All wild life is burned, and trees have fallen and turned
to ash. Nutrients from the burned trees are released
into the soil, and the ground receives direct sunlight.
More plants can begin to grow because the tall trees
do not cover them. The plants that succeed have
widely spread their high quantity of seeds by the wind
and can grow under direct sunlight. Once the trees
have fully grown and formed a canopy, other plants
that can grow under the shade will dominate the
ground level.