Transcript Three Types of Plants

Part 2
Gymnosperms
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The most ancient
surviving seed plants are
the gymnosperms (“naked
seeds”).
These include cycads,
gnetophytes, ginkgoes
and conifers, which are
the most common of the
cone-bearing plants.
Gymnosperms
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Conifers thrive in a wide
variety of habitats and
have leaves that are long
and thin (like pine
needles) with thick, waxy
coverings because they
have adapted to dry
conditions in order to
conserve water.
Angiosperms
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Flowering plants originated on land about 135
million years ago & soon dominated plant life.
Angiosperms (“enclosed seed”) developed
unique reproductive organs known as flowers,
which are an evolutionary advantage because
they attract pollinators like bees, butterflies
and birds, which in turn get food and then
transport the pollen to other flowers.
Angiosperms
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Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect
the seeds & give angiosperms their name.
After pollination, the ovary develops into a fruit,
which protects the seed and aids in dispersal when
animals eat the fruit & then excrete the seeds far
away from the plants’ original location.
How Angiosperms are
Classified: Monocots v. Dicots
Monocots and dicots are types of
angiosperms that are named for the
number of seed leaves (cotyledons) in
their plant embryo.
 Monocots have one seed leaf, while
dicots have two. (mono = 1, di = 2)
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Characteristics of Monocots
Seeds
Single cotyledon
Leaves
Parallel veins
Flowers
Floral parts in multiples of 3
Stems
Vascular bundles scattered
throughout
Fibrous root system
Roots
Characteristics of Dicots
Seeds
Two cotyledons
Leaves
Branched (netted) veins
Flowers
Floral parts in multiples
of 4 or 5
Vascular bundles arranged
in a ring
Taproot system
Stems
Roots
Monocots v. Dicots
MONOCOTS:
Parallel venation
DICOTS:
Netted venation
Monocot or Dicot?
How you can tell:
 # petals?
5
 Venation?
Netted
Monocot or Dicot?
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How you can
tell:
# petals?
6
Venation?
Parallel
Monocot or Dicot?
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How you can tell:
# petals?
N/A
Venation?
Parallel
Monocot or Dicot?
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How you can
tell:
# petals?
5
Venation?
Netted
Woody v. Herbaceous Plants
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Woody plants are made primarily of cells
with thick cell walls that support the
plant body and include trees, shrubs and
vines.
Ex. Roses & grapes
Woody v. Herbaceous Plants
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Plant stems that are smooth and nonwoody are characterized as herbaceous
plants, which don’t produce wood as they
grow.
Ex. Sunflowers
Three Types of Plants
If you’ve ever planted a garden, you know that
many flowering plants grow, flower and die in a
single year. Other types of plants continue to grow
from year to year.
There are 3 categories of plant life spans:
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Annuals
Biennials
Perennials
Annuals
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Complete their life cycle in 1 growing
season
Biennials
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Complete their life cycle in 2 growing
seasons
Perennials
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Live from one growing
season to another,
usually for many years.
Ex. Trees & grass