Transcript REVISION slides

Revision
The Sun is
our closest star.
There are 9 planets
in our solar system.
Earth and Space
The moon affects
The Earth’s tides.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
The Earth spins in
A clockwise direction.
Materials and their Properties
Any material that lets a lot of light through.
glass
Clear plastic
Any material that lets a little bit of light through.
Tracing paper
Frosted glass
Bubble wrap
Any material that lets no light through.
Other
properties
Brick wall
Wood
Cardboard
PERMEABLE materials allow water to soak through.
IMPERMEABLE materials do not allow any water to soak through.
BRITTLE materials break easily. MALLEABLE materials can be shaped.
INSULATING materials keep things warm or cold.
Separating
Materials
Evaporation
Evaporate =
liquid to water vapour
Condense=
water vapour to liquid
heat
The hotter the liquid
The faster it will evaporate
Clouds are made from
water vapour. When
they condense we get
rain.
Water vapour is a
gas.
Rain is a liquid.
Ice is a solid
Burning is
irreversible
Cooking is
irreversible
Changing Materials
Solid
Particles are
closely packed
together. No
spaces
between.
Liquid
Particles are
spaced out
more but still
touching.
Gas
Particles are widely
spaces and not
touching.
Melting is
sometimes
reversible
(chocolate)
(ice)
but
sometimes
irreversible
(plastic)
There are
2 types
of forces
Pushes
Upthrust
Forces
Gravity
is a pulling
force
which
pulls all
objects
towards
the
centre
of the
Earth.
is a
pushing
force
which
pushes
objects
away from
the centre
of the
Earth.
and
Pulls
Air/Water
Resistance
will
pull
magnetic
objects
Magnetism
is a
pushing
force
which
pushes
objects
in the
opposite
direction.
Friction
is a pulling force which has the
effect of slowing things down.
Forces are measured in
NEWTONS.
Light
LIGHT CAN BE SPLIT INTO SEVEN COLOURS
A shadow is formed when an object or person
BLOCKS
the light from a source.
The CLOSER the object
is to the light source
the
LIGHT
SOURCES ?
LARGER
the shadow.
Sound
Sound travels in all directions.
Sound travels in WAVES.
Reflected sound is called an ECHO.
Sound is a type of ENERGY.
Sound travels to
our outer ear,
along the ear canal
to the ear drum,
then to the cochlea.
Finally it travels
along the aural nerve
to the brain.
NOISE is disorganised sound that we find annoying.
MUSIC is organised sound that we find pleasant.
Electricity can be
stored in batteries
Or taken from
the mains.
Electricity
Electricity is
A type of
ENERGY
MAINS ELECTRICITY IS
EXTREMELY DANGEROUS!
switch
It can be used
to power many
appliances in our
homes, schools
and work places.
bulb
Electricity will only flow in a complete circuit
An electrical CONDUCTOR
is a material that allows
electricity to pass through it.
METALS are the best conductors.
An electrical INSULATOR
is a material that does not allow
electricity to pass through it.
They are surrounded
by a magnetic field
Magnetism
N
S
S
N
These
metals are
magnetic
N
N
S
S
Cobalt
VERTEBRATES
animals
with backbones
The
vertebrates
can be
divided
into 5
main
groups.
INVERTEBRATES
animals
without backbones
Animals can be
divided into 2
different groups
eg
INSECTS
SPIDERS
WORMS
Animal World
MAMMALS
FISH
Warm
blooded
Fur
Live
young
Cold
blooded
Gills
Scales
Lay
eggs
REPTILES
Cold
blooded
Mostly
lay
eggs
AMPHIBIANS
Cold
blooded
Lay
eggs
BIRDS
Warm
blooded
Feathers
Lay
eggs
Animals and plants are adapted to
their environment in many different ways
Habitat is
the place
where a plant
or animal lives.
If a living thing is not adapted to it’s
environment, it will not survive.
Habitats and Adaptation
A fish lives in water
so has gills for breathing,
scales for waterproofing,
fins for swimming
Camels can store fat
in their hump.
they have special shaped feet
and fur lined ears and nostrils.
A cactus has spikes
instead of leaves to
reduce water loss.
It can store
water in it’s stem.
Polar bears have a thick
layer of fat and fur to
insulate them against the
severe cold.
Birds can fly to the
tops of trees
to escape predators
A stick insect is
perfectly camouflaged
in it’s environment.
HEARING
We can tell what
sounds are and where
they are coming from
using our ears.
SIGHT
We see with our eyes.
We have 2 eyes
so we can judge
distances.
This is called
BINOCULAR vision.
HUMANS
(and many animals)
have
5
senses.
Our Senses
TASTE
We use different
parts of our tongue
to sense different tastes
such as bitter,
sour, sweet or salty.
TOUCH
We use our skin and
nerves to tell us if something
is too hot/cold/sharp.
This helps to protect us
from danger.
SMELL
This is our strongest sense.
We can tell the difference
between good and bad smells.
This may stop us from
eating something which would
make us ill.
Food Chains and Interdependence
Animals which only eat plants
eg – rabbits, cows, sheep, camels, elephants, deer.
Animals which only eat other animals (meat)
eg – lions, dogs, cats, polar bears, sharks, penguins.
Animals which eat a mixed diet (plants and animals)
eg humans, whales, some monkeys.
All animal life on Earth is dependent on plants which are dependent on the sun’s energy.
PRODUCERS (green
plants) are the first in a food chain
CONSUMERS are all animals.
A typical
simple
food chain
PREDATORS
PREY
are animals that eat other animals.
are animals that are eaten by other animals.
Micro organisms
amoeba
Micro organisms
can be harmful
They can cause diseases like flu or coughs
and more serious ones as well
Micro organisms
can be helpful
They decompose waste
and are added to food to improve the taste.
ALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDS
Micro organisms can be passed around through physical contact,
coughing, sneezing
And through contact with blood or other body fluids,
The HEART
Pumps blood around our
body as part of the
CIRCULATORY system.
The more we exercise
the faster the heart pumps.
The LUNGS take
OXYGEN out of the air we
breathe in and replace it
with unwanted
CARBON DIOXIDE
which we breathe out.
The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
breaks down the food we eat
with a range of
ENZYMES and ACIDS.
The waste products are then
EXCRETED.
Our Bodies
Teeth help us chew food.
We have 4 types
INCISORS- for biting
CANINES- for tearing
PREMOLARS – for chewing
MOLARS – for chewing
Our SKELETON
helps to support
us and protect
our internal
organs.
Our skeleton also helps us to
move using a system
of LIGAMENTS and MUSCLES
Plants and their Life Cycles
The LEAF makes
the food for the
plant by
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
using energy
from the sun.
The ROOTS
take in water
and NUTRIENTS
from the soil
they also
ANCHOR
the plant
in place.
Different parts of a plant
have different functions.
The stem
TRANSPORTS
NUTRIENTS
from the roots
to the rest
of the plant.
GERMINATION
The seed begins
to grow
a shoot
POLLINATION
Pollen from the STAMEN
of one plant
lands on the
STIGMA of another
Plant.
DISPERSAL
The plant spreads
it’s seeds as far as
possible so there is
less competition
for light
and space,
The flower produces SEEDS so that new plants can grow.
Living Things
………have seven things that they ALL do………
MOVEMENT
Animals walk crawl
wiggle swim or fly.
Plants move to face the sun.
EXCRETION
All living things have to get rid
of waste products either through
their digestive system (poo)
or through their skin or leaves.
GROWTH
All living things grow.
Some grow a lot and
others just a little.
RESPIRATION
Plants breathe in carbon dioxide
and give out oxygen.
Animals breathe in oxygen
and give out
carbon dioxide
SENSITIVITY
Animals and plants use their senses
to respond to the environment.
Animals can see, hear, feel touch
and taste.
Plants turn to face the sun or grow
towards the light.
REPRODUCTION
All living things need to make sure
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NUTRITION
reproduction. Animals give birth to
All animals need to eat.
Plants can make their own
food by photosynthesis
live babies or lay eggs.
Plants produce seeds.
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