Transcript Plants

Plant Kingdom
 Major Characteristics
 Eukaryotic
 multi-celled
 usually green
 autotrophic living
organisms
 Roots, stems,
leaves
 Main divisions
 Non -vascular
 No tube-like structures
that carry water &
nutrients
 All are seedless
 Examples
 Hornwort
 Liverwort
 mosses
Plant Kingdom
Non-vascular – simplest of plants
 Threadlike structures called rhizoids
anchor plants where they grow
 Reproduce through spores
 Sexual reproduction
 Mosses – grow in shallow soil including
rocks and tree bases
Plant Kingdom
 Vascular --tube-like structures are
present
 Seedless
 Reproduces by spores
 Examples – club mosses, horsetails, ferns
 Seed (fertilized embryo)
 Examples – conifers, flowering plants
SEED Plants
Two types of _______
Angiosperms
flowering plants
__________
Gymnosperms
cone bearing
_______
plants
Also called
conifers
Flowering plants
Woody
Oak tree
magnolia
non -woody
______
(Herbaceous)
Iris, Rose
flower dandelion
Sun______,
Maple tree
Honeysuckle
ickory tree
H______
ulip lily
T____,
Two Types of Seed Plants
Cone bearing plants
ine tree
P_____
spruce tree
________
Often a
Christmas tree
Eastern Red
Cedar
Juniper tree
Red
____wood tree
Plant Kingdom
 Seed Plants
 Basic features
 Leaves – produce food
where photosynthesis occurs
 Stem – transfers water & nutrients
throughout the plant
 Roots
 anchors plant into the ground
 absorbs water & other substances from
the soil
 Stores food – carrots, beets, potatoes
Plant Kingdom
Seed Plants
 Vascular tissue
 Xylem – transports water
 Phloem – transports food (sugar)
 Cambium – produces new vascular tissue
(in some plants)
 Angiosperms - flowering plants
 Cotyledon – food storage inside a seed
 Monocot – one cotyledon
 Dicot – two cotyledon
STOP HERE
Plant Kingdom
Recognizing monocots and dicots – look at p 260
Monocots
 Flower parts in
multiples of 3
 Leaves usually
narrow
 Vascular bundles
show up as parallel
veins in leaves
 Corn, rice, wheat,
bananas, pineapple
Dicots
 Flower parts in
multiples of 4 or 5
 Leaves usually wide
 Vascular bundles are
a network of veins in
the leaf
 Beans, peas,
peanuts, apples,
oranges
In Case You Missed It!
 Anatomy of a flowering plant
 Identify each structure
 Describe the function of each structure
 Plant Reproduction
 Vascular vs. non-vascular
 Spore or seed
 Seed plant reproduction
 Angiosperm vs. gymnosperm
 Be able to explain
In Case You Missed It!
 Identification
 Be able to identify a plant as:
 Vascular or non –vascular
 Reproduction method
 Seed or spore
 Covered seed or naked seed
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Angiosperm or gymnosperm
Woody or non-woody
Monocot or dicot
Identify a lichen and explain what it is
No Warm-up today!
 Turn in your [IN] to a blank page
 Put today’s date
 Title the page as follows:
PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Anatomy
Structure and Function
(layer 6)
Roots -- anchors plant in soil, absorbs
nutrients and water from the soil for
plant use (see overhead).
(layer 5)
Stem – carries nutrients from roots to
leaves, gives support to the plant
Plant Anatomy
Structure and Function
(layer 4 or 5)
Leaves – carries out photosynthesis,
contains stomata that control
movement of gases in and out of
leaves.
Plant Anatomy
Structure and Function
(layer 3)
Sepals – small, leaflets that support the
flower.
Petals – leaflike structure that contains
pistil & stamen. Often brightly colored
to attract insects & birds.
Plant Anatomy
Structure and Function
(layer 1 or 2)
Pistil – female reproductive system
(includes ovule-egg), receives pollen
from stamen so egg can be fertilized.
Stamen – male reproductive system,
produces pollen grains to fertilize the
ovule.
Movement of materials
 Water moves
 Into roots (from the soil)
 Through stem to rest of plant
 Leaves exchange gases with atmosphere
 Ex. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor
 Leaf structure & function
 Upper & lower epidermis (layer)
 Waxy cuticle covers the epidermis
 Stomata – underside of leaf
 Act as doorways for gases
Movement of materials
Leaf structure (cont.)
 Inside leaf
 Spongy & palisade layer
 Most space filled w/ CO2 & H20 vapor
 Most food produced in palisade layer
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
yields
Reactants
Products
Chloroplast & Pigments
 Leaves contain green structures called
chloroplasts
 Chloroplasts contain green pigment –
chlorophyll
 Pigment reflects a part of visible spectrum
 Plants reflect chlorophyll
 This is why they look green
 Plant food-making process occurs in the
chloroplasts
Microscopic
view of
chloroplast.
Plant cells have green
oval-shaped organelles
called chloroplast.
Chloroplast contain a
compound called
chlorophyll. Chlorophyll
traps energy from the sun
to make glucose.
Chlorophyll gives the
plant its green color.
Photosynthesis
 Process where a plant’s chlorophyll traps
sun’s light energy & sugars are produced
 Besides light, this process needs:
 Carbon dioxide CO2
 Water H2O
[page 308, figure 5]
 Light-dependant reactions
 Needs light to occur
 Chlorophyll traps light
Light Dependent (cont.)
 Light energy splits water molecules into
oxygen & hydrogen
 Oxygen leaves plant
 Hydrogen used for photosynthesis
Light-independent reactions
 Does not need light to occur
 Trapped energy combines carbon dioxide
& hydrogen to make glucose
 Excess glucose may be stored as starch:
 Carrots, potatoes, beets, onions, etc.
Importance
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1st
Produces food
Directly or indirectly provide food for
nearly all organisms
2nd
Remove CO2 from atmosphere
Adds oxygen (O2) to atmosphere
Respiration
 Chemical reactions that break down food
molecules & release energy
 This is how living things including plants turn
food into energy.
 Occurs in the mitochondria of cells
 Raw materials: C6 H12 O6 (glucose),
O2 (oxygen)
 Products: CO2, H20, energy