Transcript animal adaptations

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5th Grade Life Science
Have you ever wondered how animals are able to
survive in the wild?
Animals have certain adaptations that help
them to survive.
Who is more fit to their environment?
That’s
better!
• Polar bears are not naturally found where there
are brick walls and dirt.
The brown bear blends
in with the flora found
in the Canadian
wilderness.
Think about the way you dress in the winter.
You don’t wear your shorts and bathing suit when it’s snowing outside!
You wear warm clothes, and maybe even a
hat and mittens to protect yourself from
the weather.
And what if you are having a snowball fight?
You probably run away from the person
throwing at you, and maybe even try to sneak
up on that person and throw some snowballs!
The way you dress in the winter, as well as the way that you run and
hide from someone throwing snow at you are kinds of …
Adaptations
We can separate adaptations into two categories:
Physical
and
Behavioral
Physical adaptations
are body structures that allow an
animal to find and consume food,
defend itself, and to reproduce its
species.
Physical adaptations
help an animal survive in
its environment.
© A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation
Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
The chameleon can change its color to match its
surroundings. Can you do that?
Physical adaptation
Mimicry
(looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the
Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
I’m the
Viceroy!
Not poisonous
Poisonous
I’m the
Monarch!
Physical adaptation
Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
Physical adaptations
Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that
helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things
up.
Now let’s learn about
Behavioral Adaptations…
Behavioral Adaptations allow organisms to
respond to life needs.
Behavioral Adaptations are organisms’
actions.
Remember that physical adaptations are body
structures.
Each organism has unique methods of
adapting to its environment by means of
different actions or behaviors.
We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups:
Instinctive
Learned
These behaviors
happen naturally &
don’t have to be
learned.
These behaviors
must be taught.
Instinctive
behaviors
Methods of gathering &
storing food
Finding shelter
happen naturally & don’t
need to be learned
=
Defending oneself
Raising young
Hibernating
Migrating
Learned
behaviors
=
Obtained by interacting with
the environment and cannot
be passed on to the next
generation except by
teaching.
Review . . .In this lesson, we have learned
about
animal adaptations.
There are 2 ways to describe adaptations:
Physical
and
Behavioral
Physical adaptations are body structures.
Some examples of physical adaptations are:
Camouflage
Mimicry
Chemical defenses
Body coverings & parts
Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.
Behavioral Adaptations can be
Instinctive or Learned.
How do adaptations help animals
survive in their environment?
• Remember, an adaptation is a body part or behavior
that helps an animal survive in a particular
environment.
• Adaptation can help an animal breathe, catch food,
protect itself, get water, or reproduce.
• All organisms are adapted to live in certain habitats.
• Organisms that cannot adapt will become ill or
perish.
• Organisms that are adapted to their environment will
reproduce and make offspring with the same
adaptations.
Adaptation Questions on TAKS
• TAKS likes adaptation questions.
• For these, think about the environment the
organism is in and what its MOST important
needs are!
• Examples
• Desert species need water, cooling system
• Tundra species need to keep warm
• Saltwater species need to remove extra salt, breath
underwater
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Control Body Temperature
Polar Bear - thick fur and blubber
Desert Animals – Nocturnal – long ears
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Getting Food
Shape of a Bird's Beak
Parrot - short curved for cracking
seeds and nuts
Duck - Long, flat for sieving
Long-legged Wader –
spear-shaped for catching fish
Hummingbird - long straw-like
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Getting Food
Finch – On Galapagos Islands, gold finches
have 3 different types of beaks depending
on what they eat
Seeds – thick, heavy beak
insects – sharp, pointed beak
fruit – short, stubby beak
Giraffe - long neck
Anteater - long tongue
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Getting Food
Shape of a Bird's Beak
Carnivore – sharp pointed teeth for tearing
Herbivore – flat teeth for grinding
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Protection from Predators
Hedgehogs - sharp spines
Turtles and Snails - shells
Skunk- spray chemicals
Bees and wasps - sting
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Protection from Predators
Brown moth - color blends into environment
Flounder – buries itself
in the sand
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Movement
Squirrel - climb trees
Duck - webbed feet to push
through the water
Animal Adaptation Purposes
Movement
Camel – wide feet to move over sand
without sinking in; feet have calluses
to help protect them from burning on
the hot sand
Owls – fringed flight feathers
muffle the sound of air passing
through their feathers making
their flight silent
Plant Adaptation Purposes
Leaf Shape
Large Leaves -Rainforest plants so
can get more sunlight
Evergreens – Don’t have to use energy
to re-grow leaves each spring
Plant Adaptation Purposes
Water Conservation
Cacti - thick trucks and branches to
store water; shallow roots to absorb
rain
Waxy Layer on leaves - prevents water
from evaporation
Plant Adaptation Purposes
Protection from Predators
Thorns - keeps animals from eating
Plant Adaptation Purposes
Reproduction
Colors – attract insects so they will
spread the flower’s pollen
TAKS Questions
1
Brightly colored flowers are most often pollinated by —
F wind
G mammals
H rainfall
J insects
Characteristics of
a Hummingbird
1. Colorful feathers
2. Narrow beak
3. Small body
4. Strong wings
2
All of the characteristics listed above are useful for gathering food
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
EXCEPT —
24
Which part of a jackrabbit most helps it escape predators?
F Long legs
G Thick fur
H Short tail
J Small head
25
The African baobab tree has a huge trunk that can store as much as
100 kiloliters of water. This adaptation would be an advantage in a
climate that is very —
F cold
G dry
H windy
J sunny
27
Which skull belongs to an animal best adapted for catching and eating
fish?
A
C
B
D
29
The mole is an animal that digs tunnels. Which of the following
characteristics would NOT be an advantage to a mole?
A
B
C
D
Sharp claws
Large ears
Small eyes
Strong legs
30
Some salamanders have a sticky tongue and a wide mouth lined
with teeth. These animals most likely feed on —
F insects and other tiny animals
G leaves and other plant structures
H algae and other microorganisms
J dead and decaying materials
31
As seagulls fly over the water, they sometimes dive into the water to
catch prey. Which of these senses is useful to seagulls that feed in
this manner?
A
B
C
D
Sight
Smell
Hearing
Touch
32
Which of the following characteristics would NOT give animals
an advantage in the ocean?
F Long body hair
G A smooth body
H Structures that sense movement
J A strong sense of smell
33
The type of penguin shown in the picture above lives in the icy
lands of Antarctica. The male penguins huddle together in a tight
group. They stay in these tight groups most likely because they
are —
F looking for the sun
G hiding from predators
H sharing body heat
J fighting over a piece of food
34 Which of the following characteristics of a
field mouse is most likely inherited from its
parents?
F
G
H
J
Brown fur
Torn ear
Scar on its leg
Chipped tooth
35 Which of the following is an inherited trait in African
clawed frogs?
A
B
C
D
The location of wave detectors on the frogs
The location of the frogs in a pond
The number of insects eaten by the frogs in an
hour
The number of times the frogs look for insects
in an hour
36
Coyotes learn some of their behaviors as they move around in
their environment. Which behavior is most likely learned?
A
B
C
D
Running
Drinking water
Avoiding cacti
Sleeping
37
Raccoons living in cities have learned to open lids of garbage
cans. This is an example of an animal —
A
B
C
D
adapting to its environment
inheriting the ability to change its diet
being tamed by humans
becoming a plant eater
38
Which of these is an example of a learned behavior?
A
C
B
D
Shake and Learn
• Lyrics
• Practice singing
• Match pictures and descriptions
• Worksheet
• Extension: Bulletin Board Set
Website Fun…
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/interdependenc
e.shtml
• http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/climate/adaptations/index.c
fm