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Science Focus Lesson SC.5.L.14.2 Plants and Animals Polk County Public Schools SC.5.L.14.2 Benchmark: Compare and contrast the function of organs and other physical structures of plants and animals, including humans, for example: some animals have skeletons for support — some with internal skeletons others with exoskeletons — while some plants have stems for support. Essential Question: How can we compare and contrast the function of organs, and other physical structures of plants and animals? Vocabulary: organism invertebrate structure exoskeleton vertebrate A living thing is called an organism. A body part that does a certain “job” for an organism is called a structure. The “job” that a structure does is called its function. Just as we have organs in our bodies that carry out different functions, plants and animals do also. Humans and animals have many of the same organs, and these organs carry out similar functions. Like humans, animals have a heart, lungs, stomach, brain, pancreas, intestines, kidneys, bladder, liver, skin, or body covering, and sensory organs. They also have organs for reproduction like humans do, such as testes and ovaries. While humans and animals share many of the same structures, there are some differences also. Gills are a structure that some animals have that allow them to remove oxygen from water. (breathe under water) The bones of many animals differ from those of a human. Animals may be vertebrates (with a backbone) or invertebrates (without a backbone). Many invertebrates have an exoskeleton, which is a hard covering on the outside of their body that protects their soft parts inside. Vertebrates Animals that have a backbone are vertebrates All vertebrates have an endoskeleton (internal skeleton) Vertebrates are classified into mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Invertebrates Animals that do not have a backbone are invertebrates Include sponges, worms, snails, jellyfish, clams, and starfish Invertebrates with an exoskeleton include lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp, ticks, scorpions, insects, and spiders. Summarizing Write in your Science Notebook: 3 Ways that humans and other animals may be alike 2 Ways that humans and other animals may be different 1 Definition of a “function” Plant Structures While humans and some animals have skin, plants also have a covering that functions as protection for the plants organs. Plant organs include the roots, stem, and leaves. Roots Roots are organs that carry out 3 functions for a plant. They take in water and other materials from the soil. They hold the plant in the soil. They store extra food that the plant doesn’t need right away. Stem •The stem of a plant can be compared to the skeleton of an animal. It is responsible for supporting the plant and holding the leaves up to the sunlight, just like the skeleton provides support for your body. Leaves Unlike animals and people, plants are able to make their own food. The main function of the leaves, is to make food for the plant. They make food for the plant by using the sun’s energy in the process called photosynthesis. Flowers Some plants produce flowers as part of their life cycle. Flowers produce fruits that contain seeds. A seed contains a tiny undeveloped plant and a supply of food for the plant. Flowers come in many different shapes, sizes, and colors, but they all help plants reproduce, just like the ovaries and testes help animals to reproduce. Spores Mosses and ferns do not reproduce with seeds, they reproduce with spores. Spores are seed like structures that produce new plants. They do not develop in flowers or cones. Summarizing Talk to your shoulder partner: What are some ways that plants and animals are alike and different? Guided Practice 1. Which of the following is something that plants and animals do NOT have in common? a. heart b. lungs c. gills d. brain Humans do NOT have the ability to breathe under water like fish because we do not have gills. 2. Which of the following groups of animals includes vertebrates? a. amphibians b. birds c. mammals d. all of these groups are vertebrates Vertebrates are animals with backbones. Vertebrates are divided up into 5 groups. They are mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. 3. Roots are one of the organs in a plant. Which of the following is NOT a function of the roots? a. b. c. d. to make food for the plant to hold the plant in place to soak up nutrients from the soil to store extra food that the plant doesn’t need right away The roots are not responsible for making food for the plant. That is the function of the leaves. They make food for the plant through a process called photosynthesis. Summarizing Answer this question in your Science Notebook. Talk about some of the structures in plants that you have learned about. What are the functions of these structures? Check Your Understanding 1. Which of the following is a characteristic of an invertebrate? a. they can have an endoskeleton b. they can have an exoskeleton c. they can have a backbone d. None of these are characteristics of an invertebrate. Check Your Understanding 2. Plants and animals have similarities and differences. Which of the following is a way that plants are different from animals? a. b. c. d. they can reproduce they can make their own food they have organs that help to carry out different functions they need air to live Check Your Understanding 3. Fruits contain seeds produced by a flower. What is inside of a seed? a. An undeveloped plant and a supply of food b. Some chemicals that help with photosynthesis c. A flower d. A nutrient that makes the stem stronger so it is able to support the plant Check Your Answers 1. B- Invertebrates do not have an endoskeleton (a skeleton inside their bodies) or a backbone. 2. B- Plants are able to make their own food. 3. A- Flowers use seeds to reproduce. A seed contains an undeveloped plant (the beginning of a new plant) and a small supply of food for the plant. Summary Question Write in your science notebook to tell about some similarities and differences between plants and animals.