Transcript Crohn`s disease treatment in children: What role does diet play?

Infringement of the nutritional status at endocrine metabolic
diseases. Nutritional and metabolic correction of
infringements of proteins,fats,carbohydrates,minerals
metabolism.
Doc. Nykytyuk S.O.
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Crohn's disease treatment in children: What
role does diet play?
Here are a few dietary
considerations for children with
Crohn's:
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Salt. Limit salt intake if your child is taking corticosteroids. Salt increases fluid
retention.
Fiber. During and right after a flare, your child's doctor may recommend a lowfiber diet. Avoid "chunky" high-fiber foods, such as popcorn.
Dairy. Some children who are lactose intolerant may have increased diarrhea and
abdominal cramps when they consume dairy products. In such cases, limit dairy
products or use lactose-free dairy products.
Dietary supplements. Children with Crohn's disease sometimes develop vitamin
and mineral deficiencies. Talk to your child's doctor about whether nutritional
supplements are appropriate for your child.
Protein. Proteins are very important for growth. Some experts recommend that
children with Crohn's increase their protein intake by 150 percent of the
Recommended Daily Allowance for their age.
Fat. A low-fat diet is not generally recommended for children with Crohn's.
What's Missing In Your Child's
ADD/ADHD Diet?
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"What's for dinner, Mom?" For kids with
ADD/ADHD, the answer should be
considered carefully. A select group of
nutrients, when added to your child's diet,
may have a positive effect on his or her
attention deficit symptoms.
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Finding foods that support your child's growth
and development, enable him to stay focused
in school, and tempt his appetite is challenging
enough for any parent.
Keep blood sugar levels in check.
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Children who have ADD/ADHD need to nosh
on the right foods (complex carbohydrates and
protein) at the right times (every three to five
hours). "Every meal should have some protein:
fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans, nuts, or dairy
(only if your child can tolerate it), "
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Keep blood sugar levels in check.
Children who have ADD/ADHD need to nosh
on the right foods (complex carbohydrates and
protein) at the right times (every three to five
hours). "Every meal should have some protein:
fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans, nuts, or dairy
(only if your child can tolerate it), "
Consider adding omega-3s
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Several studies report that children with
ADD/ADHD are deficient in essential fatty
acids like omega-3s, found in oily fish such as
salmon
Sneak vital nutrients into their favorite
foods
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Studies show that nutrients such as vitamin C
(found in citrus fruits, broccoli, and bell
peppers) and the B complex vitamins (found in
whole grains, leafy greens, nuts, dairy
products, and eggs) may also help ease
symptoms of ADD/ADHD, thanks to their
soothing effects on the brain
Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: The
Diet Component
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According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), there is a steady decline in the diet quality
of children and adolescents as they get
older. Obesity cannot be adequately treated without
addressing physical activity, psychology/behavior,
diet, genetic factors, and how they are all
intertwined. However, here we will explore just one
very important aspect of treatment: Diet.
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Treating overweight children with diet is complex. Children
should not be placed on severe calorie-restricted diets. Unlike
adults, children are still growing; significant calorie restriction
can affect their ability to grow and develop
properly. However, that doesn’t mean that parents of
overweight children can’t positively impact their children’s
weight by improving the overall healthfulness of the foods that
they and their children are eating. Making the following
healthy choices will make everyone feel better, physically and
mentally, and is likely to safely reduce the calorie content of
the diet.
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Changes in food preparation
1. Low-fat substitutes in your child's diet
Try some low-fat substitutes such as low-fat cheese,
salad dressing and evaporated skim milk. Try low
cholesterol egg products. Use two egg whites instead
of one whole egg to significantly reduce the fat and
cholesterol content of some baked goods.
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2. Use healthy oil/fats and remove any excess fat
When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot pan-fried foods on
paper towels to absorb extra grease. Allow soups to chill before reheating and serving so that the fat can be
skimmed off the top.
3. Avoid frying food as this adds calories
Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as frequent cooking methods, and limit frying. Microwave
cooking is a healthful way to cook vegetables because the short cooking time reduces nutrient loss and
usually no added water or fat is needed.
4. Use fat substitutes when baking
Reduce the fat in home baked goods by substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, mashed bananas or yogurt
for up to half of the butter, oil or shortening.
5. Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat
Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose frozen yogurt,
sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.
6. Include more vegetables in your child's diet
Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible. Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add
additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to
meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.
7. Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten
Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.
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2. Use healthy oil/fats and remove any excess fat
When you use oil, select olive or canola oil. Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot pan-fried foods on
paper towels to absorb extra grease. Allow soups to chill before reheating and serving so that the fat can be
skimmed off the top.
3. Avoid frying food as this adds calories
Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as frequent cooking methods, and limit frying. Microwave
cooking is a healthful way to cook vegetables because the short cooking time reduces nutrient loss and
usually no added water or fat is needed.
4. Use fat substitutes when baking
Reduce the fat in home baked goods by substituting applesauce, pureed prunes, mashed bananas or yogurt
for up to half of the butter, oil or shortening.
5. Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat
Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose frozen yogurt,
sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.
6. Include more vegetables in your child's diet
Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible. Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and add
additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to
meat or poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.
7. Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten
Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.
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2. Use healthy oil/fats and remove any
excess fat
When you use oil, select olive or canola oil.
Drain off visible fat while cooking, and blot
pan-fried foods on paper towels to absorb extra
grease. Allow soups to chill before reheating
and serving so that the fat can be skimmed off
the top.
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3. Avoid frying food as this adds calories
Choose roasting, poaching or stir-frying as
frequent cooking methods, and limit
frying. Microwave cooking is a healthful way
to cook vegetables because the short cooking
time reduces nutrient loss and usually no
added water or fat is needed.
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4. Use fat substitutes when baking
Reduce the fat in home baked goods by
substituting applesauce, pureed prunes,
mashed bananas or yogurt for up to half of the
butter, oil or shortening.
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5. Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat
Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and cobblers) instead of cakes and
cookies. Choose frozen yogurt, sherbet and sorbet instead of ice cream. Or
skip dessert altogether and save it for special occasions.
6. Include more vegetables in your child's diet
Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever possible. Add shredded
vegetables in casseroles, and add additional vegetables to soups and stews.
Try vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as accompaniments to meat or
poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.
7. Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten
Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for grilling or stir-frying.
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5. Try fruit desserts for less calories and fat
Try more fruit desserts (fresh, stewed and
cobblers) instead of cakes and cookies. Choose
frozen yogurt, sherbet and sorbet instead of ice
cream. Or skip dessert altogether and save it
for special occasions.
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6. Include more vegetables in your child's diet
Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever
possible. Add shredded vegetables in casseroles, and
add additional vegetables to soups and stews. Try
vegetable salsas and fruit chutneys as
accompaniments to meat or poultry in place of heavy
gravies or sauces.
7. Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten
Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans for
grilling or stir-frying.
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6. Include more vegetables in your child's
diet
Add vegetables to meals and snacks whenever
possible. Add shredded vegetables in
casseroles, and add additional vegetables to
soups and stews. Try vegetable salsas and fruit
chutneys as accompaniments to meat or
poultry in place of heavy gravies or sauces.
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7. Use "non-stick" to reduce the fat eaten
Use non-stick cooking spray or non-stick pans
for grilling or stir-frying.
Changes in food selection
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When buying groceries, choose fruits and vegetables over
convenience foods high in sugar and fat.
Limit drinks to water or milk. Sweetened beverages, even
fruit juice, are high in calories and don’t necessarily provide
nutritional value.
Select colorful foods such as green and yellow vegetables,
fruits of various colors, and brown (whole grain)
breads. Limit white carbohydrates (e.g. rice, pasta, white
bread and sugar).
Limit the number of times you eat out, especially at fast food
restaurants. Many of the menu options are high in fat and
calories.
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Autism can be aided by a gluten-free,
casein-free diet.
Many physicians are prescribing this new
diet, as up to 8 in 10 autistic children may
benefit greatly.
Connection between gluten-free,
casein-free diets and autism.
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Briefly, gluten is a protein, and so is casein. Gluten is
a protein fraction found in all wheat, rye, barley, and
most oat products. Casein is a protein fraction found
in all dairy products. To most Autistic children, gluten
and casein are the equivalent of poison. They leak
into the gut, undigested, and attach to the opiate
receptors of the autistic's brain. Essentially, many
autistic children are "drugged" on wheat and milk
products, as if they were on a morphine drip.
Is your autistic child addicted to gluten
and wheat?
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"But milk and wheat are the only two foods
my child will eat. His diet is completely
comprised of milk, cheese, cereal, pasta, and
bread. If I take these away, I'm afraid he'll
starve," were the comments issued by an
anonymous mother in an interview with Karyn
Seroussi of the Autism Network for Dietary
Intervention.
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Karyn responded, "There may be a good reason your
child "self-limits" to these foods. Opiates, like opium,
are highly addictive. If this "opiate excess"
explanation applies to your child, then he is actually
addicted to those foods containing the offending
proteins. Although it seems as if your child will starve
if you take those foods away, many parents report that
after an initial "withdrawal" reaction, their children
become more willing to eat other foods. After a few
weeks, many children surprise their parents by further
broadening their diets.
But what will my child do without
milk?
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Americans have been raised to believe that this milk is essential to good
health, largely due to the efforts of the American Dairy Association, and
many parents seem to believe that it is their duty to feed their children as
much cow's milk as possible. However, lots of perfectly healthy children do
very well without it. Cow's milk has been called "the world's most
overrated nutrient" and "fit only for baby cows." There is even evidence
that the cow hormone present in dairy actually blocks the absorption of
calcium in humans. Be careful. Removing dairy means ALL milk, butter,
cheese, cream cheese, sour cream, etc. It also includes product ingredients
such as "casein" and "whey," or even words containing the word "casein."
Read labels - items like bread and tuna fish often contain milk products.
Even soy cheese usually contains caseinate.
How can I possibly elimate the thousands of products that contain gluten?
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Many might be willing to try removing dairy products from
their child's diet, but don't think they could handle removing
gluten. It seems like a lot of work, and they're so busy already.
Many people wonder if this is really necessary. However, what
you need to understand is that for certain children, these foods
are toxic to their brains. For some, removing gluten may be far
more important than removing dairy products. You would
never knowingly feed your child poison, but if he fits into this
category, that is exactly what you could be doing. It is possible
that for this subgroup of people with autism, eating these foods
is actually damaging the developing brain.
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The gluten-free, casein-free diet is challenging, but it can make
a tremendous difference. We often receive phone calls where
parents break down in tears as they recount the improvements
seen in their child. It is not at all uncommong to hear reports
that an autistic child made eye contact with their parent for the
first time, or that he/she was able to attend a "normal" school
for the first time. One parent struggled to tell us that her 4 year
old used to stand in a corner and beat his head against a wall,
but within 4 weeks of the diet, he was able to play outside with
other children.
Gluten-free, Casein-Free Foods By Mail.
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The encouraging news is that Gluten Solutions stocks the
premier brands of gluten-free, casein-free foods from several
top manufacturers. We focus on stocking the very best-tasting
and hard to find gluten-free, casein-free products, and offer a
highly convenient way to shop. We stock only 100% glutenfree foods, including breads, baking mixes, cookies, crackers,
snacks, pastas, and more. Most of our items are kid-friendly,
and we add about 25 new products each month. More than
ever, we are on the lookout for new GFCF foods that are
palatable and healthy for children.
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GLUTEN SOLUTIONS -- GLUTEN FREE,
CASEIN FREE GROCERIES AT YOUR
DOORSTEP
Phenylketonuria diet treatment
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Phenylketonuria was discovered in 1934, when a Norwegian
mother brought her son and daughter, both of whom had
mental retardation, to Professor Asbjorn Folling at the
University of Oslo School of Medicine for a consultation
(Guttler, 1984 ). In 1947, Jervis showed that the administration
of phenylalanine to normal human patients without PKU led to
a prompt rise in blood tyrosine, whereas no increase in blood
tyrosine could be detected in patients with PKU, indicating
both the normal pathway of phenylalanine metabolism and the
metabolic error in PKU.
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The red blood cells of a person suffering from anemia (right)
are a very light pink when stained, and they are often less
round and full when viewed under a microscope. The round,
plump bodies of normal red blood cells (left), when stained,
are a bright pinkish-red. Hemoglobin is the substance that
gives normal cells their bright color.
Tags: a plastic anemia, anemia, anemia cure, anemia diet,
anemia in children, anemia in dogs, anemia test, blood, cells,
chronic anemia, hemo, hermoglobin, mediterranean anemia,
pump, red, treating anemia, vitamin b12 deficiency anemia
Nutritional treatment in children with
diarrhea
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Diarrhea is increase in the number of stools
and/or a decrease in their consistency as a
result of malabsorption or alterations of water
and electrolyte transport by the alimentary
tract.
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The basic components of ORS
In the World Health Organization formula the glucose
concentration is 2 %.
This is sufficient to prevent hypoglycemia and the
induction of an osmotic diarrhea secondary to the
osmotic load.
Optimal glucose concentration must be adequate to
caloric needs as well as to glucose function as a
sodium absorption facilitator. It is, therefore,
recommended to keep equimolar ratios of sodium and
glucose.
Nutritional treatment in children with
malnutrition
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The World Health Organization defines
malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance
between supply of nutrients and energy and the
body's demand for them to ensure growth,
maintenance, and specific functions."
The principle of dietary trearment is
adequate amount of protein and
calories.
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Caloric requirement 120-140 Cal/kg/day
Protein requirement 3-5 g/kg/day
Elemental iron 6 mg/kg/day
Vit. A 300,000 IU initially, then 1500 IU daily
Vit. D 4000 IU daily
Vit. K 5 mg I/M or I/V once only
To overfight food intolerance:
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Administer “younger” food: breast milk or
cow milk-based formula are used.
Two-phase initiation:
Finding-out the level of food tolerance;
Gradually increasing of food quantity.
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I grade PEM (hypotrophy)
I phase:
1st day – ⅔ of daily food volume;
2nd day – 4/5 of daily food volume;
3rd day – full daily volume.
The rest of daily food volume is compensated by
giving fluids (fruit and vegetable decoctions, ricewater, herbal teas)
II phase: the child is giving age-adequate food.
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II grade PEM (hypotrophy)
I phase:
1st week – ½ of daily food volume; proteins and
carbohydrates are counted on weight = factual + 20 %
of factual, fats – on factual weight.
2nd week – ⅔ of daily food volume;
3rd week – full daily volume.
The rest of daily food volume is compensated by
giving fluids (fruit and vegetable decoctions, ricewater, herbal teas)
III grade PEM (hypotrophy)
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I phase:
1st week – ⅓ of daily food volume. Initially small (10-20 ml) frequent
(every 2 hours) feeds are given. Tube feeding is required in severe cases or
partial parenteral feeding.
2nd week – ½ of daily food volume;
3rd week – ⅔ of daily food volume;
4th week – full daily volume.
The rest of daily food volume is compensated by giving fluids (fruit and
vegetable decoctions, rice-water, herbal teas, electrolyte solutions)
Rehabilitation
Caloric requirement of infants:
1-3 months125-120 kCal/kg/day4-6 months120-115 kCal/kg/day7-9
months115-110 kCal/kg/day10-12 months110-100 kCal/kg/day
: Diet And Nutrition Of A
Nursing Woman. Possible
Problems
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Here's how to tell if something you are eating is upsetting your baby:
It takes about two to six hours for your body to digest and absorb the food
you eat and pass it into your breast milk.
If you eat dinner at 5:00 P.M., and your baby shows the symptoms listed
above around 9:00 P.M., think about what you ate for dinner. To be sure if
those foods are causing the problem, you will have to eat them again and
see if your baby has the same reaction.
If your baby seems very fussy, try keeping a record of what you eat and
drink.
Bring the record to your baby's doctor to talk about a possible link between
certain foods and your baby's symptoms.
If you think a particular food is causing a problem, stop eating it for a while
and see if your baby reacts better. You can always try later to introduce that
food again into your diet in small amounts. If your baby doesn't seem to
react to it anymore, you could add more the next time.
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Sometimes a baby can be born with a condition called
primary lactase deficiency or with galactosemia, in
which he or she can't tolerate breast milk. This
happens when the body can't break down lactose, a
sugar found in the milk of humans and animals.
Symptoms include diarrhea and vomiting. Babies
with severe galactosemia may have liver problems,
malnutrition, or mental retardation. Babies with these
conditions must be fed formula that comes from
plants, such as soy milk or a special galactose-free
formula.
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Allergies
Research shows that a mother's milk is affected only slightly
by the food in her diet. But sometimes a baby may have a
reaction to something you eat (like spicy foods, foods that can
cause gas, or dairy products). Symptoms in your baby of an
allergy to something in your diet include diarrhea, rash,
fussiness, gas, dry skin, green stools with mucus, or the baby
pulling up his/her knees and screaming. This doesn't mean the
baby is allergic to your milk. If you stop eating whatever is
bothering your baby, the problem usually goes away on its
own.
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CELIAC DISEASE
A malabsorptive disorder characterized by a
permanent gluten-sensitive enteropathy
resulting in malabsorption, failure to thrive,
and gastrointestinal manifestations.
Etiology is a deficiency of the enzyme
gliadinamynopeptidas resulting in
malapsorption of cereal proteins (gliadine and
avenine).
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Clinical features develop after initiation of
protein-containing feeding (cereals, bread), in
about 5-6 month of life. Main manifestations
of celiac disease are steatorrhea (excessively
large, pale, oily stools), exceedingly foulsmelling stools, diarrhea and vomiting, signs
of malnutrition.
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Prevention:
Gluten-free diet tailored to child’s appetite and
capacity to absorb is necessary.
Avoid wheat, barley, rye, and oats, processed
foods (wheat flour).
Prefer rice, soya, corn flours, and unprocessed
foods.
Administer supplemental water-miscible
vitamins and minerals.
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HYPO- AND ALACTASIA
Etiology is a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.
Clinical features: develop from the first days
of life – regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea, loss
of weight, dyspepsia, distension of the
abdomen, increased peristalsis.
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Diagnosis: taking lactose per os leads to
absence of increasing level of glucose in the
blood.
Prevention and Therapy: may be prescribed
nutrition without lactose (Prosobee, Prosoal),
massage, vitamins, and ferments.
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GALACTOSEMIA
Galactosemia is one of the commonly
occurring disorders of carbohydrate
metabolism.
Clinical features
vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, cataracts,
developmental delay and mental retardation,
liver and kidney diseases,sepsis.
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