Transcript Hardwood and Softwood trees - Industrial Techniques grade 8

Class info
Website address:
xlcrindustrialtechniques.weebly.com
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What is today’s topic?
Instructions: Use this phone pad diagram as the key to unlocking the
topic for today.
Example 4 is either G , H , I
“42739663 263 76389663”
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Hardwood and Softwood trees
Grade 8
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softwood
• Softwood is a generic term used in
woodworking and the lumber industries for
wood from conifers. Conifers are needlebearing trees from the order Pinales.
• Softwood trees are often harder than
hardwood trees. Douglas fir, a softwood, is
harder and stronger than many
hardwoods. Balsa, a hardwood, is much
softer than most softwoods
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Hardwood trees
• Hardwood trees are angiosperms, plants
that produce seeds with some sort of
covering. This might be a fruit, such as an
apple, or a hard shell, such as an acorn.
Hardwood comes from a deciduous tree
which loses its leaves annually.
Hardwoods tend to be slower growing, and
are therefore usually more dense, but not
always.
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Difference between hardwood and
softwood
Uses:
Hardwood Used for trimmings
and furniture but less frequently than
softwood.
Softwood Widely used as woodware for
building (homes/cabins) and furniture.
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Difference between hardwood and
softwood
Cost:
Hardwood is typically more expensive than
softwood.
Softwood is typically less expensive
compared to hardwood.
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Difference between hardwood and
softwood
Growth:
Hardwood has a slower growth rate.
Softwood has a faster rate of growth.
Anular ring:
Hardwood is Not Distinct
Softwood is Distinct
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Difference between hardwood and
softwood
Density:
Hardwood has a higher density and is
therefore usually harder.
Softwood has a lower density, therefore
most softwood varieties are softer than
hardwood.
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Difference between hardwood and
softwood
Shedding of leaves:
Hardwoods shed their leaves over a period
of time.
Softwoods tend to keep their leaves
throughout the year.
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Difference between hardwood and
softwood
Colour:
Hardwood is Dark in colour
Softwood is Light in colour
Weight:
Hardwood is Heavy
Softwood is Light
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Difference between hardwood and
softwood
Fire Resistance:
Hardwood is More fire resistant
Softwood is a Poor fire resistant
Conversion:
Hardwood is Difficult to convert
Softwood is Easy to convert
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Examples of Softwood
• Spruce
Colour
• White
uses
• Wood pulp ,General
purpose joinery
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Examples of Softwood
Spruce lumber
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Examples of Softwood
• Scot pine
Colour
• Red or Yellow
Uses
• Light poles, Exterior
work, Railway
sleepers
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Examples of Softwood
• Scot pine lumber
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Examples of Softwood
• Red Cedar
colour
• Reddish Brown
Uses
• Building wooden
houses , Roofing
shingles
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Examples of Softwood
• Red Cedar lumber
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Examples of Softwood
• Larch
Colour
• Reddish-brown
Uses
• Farm gates
• fences
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Examples of Softwood
• Larch lumber
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Examples of Softtwood
• Douglas Fir
Colour
• light tan to reddish
Use
• timbers, plywood.
• railroad ties, mine
timbers, house logs,
post and poles,
fencing, and
firewood..
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Examples of Softwood
• Douglas fir lumber
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Examples of Softwood
• Parana pine
Colour
• Light brown with
pinkish streak
Uses
General purpose joinery
and building
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Examples of Softwood
• Parana Pine lumber
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Examples of Hardwood
• Oak
Colour
• red oak or white oak,
Uses
• tables, chairs,
cabinets, bookcases
• storage units
• wood flooring other
construction projects.
• Wine barrels
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Examples of Hardwood
• Oak Lumber
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Examples of Hardwood
• Beech
Colour
• light brown
Uses
• an excellent firewood
• furniture framing
• carcass construction,
flooring
• in plywood
• household items
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Examples of Hardwood
• Beech lumber
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Examples of Hardwood
• Ash
Colour
• white
Use
• Handles, furniture,
cabinets, interior
joinery, sports
equipment,
baseball bats, auto
bodies, and some
musical instruments
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Examples of Hardwood
• Ash lumber
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Examples of Hardwood
• Sycamore
Colour
• white to light tan,
heartwood is a darker
reddish brown
Use
• cutting boards and
dramatic furniture.
• drawer side
• Doors
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Examples of Hardwood
• Sycamore Lumber
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Examples of Hardwood
• Elm
Colour
• dark brown or a
strong red tone.
Uses
• chest
• a few chairs
• outdoor furniture
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Examples of Hardwood
• Elm lumber
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summary
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1. What is the difference between hardwood and
softwood?
2. Name five ways we botanical group hardwood and
softwood trees
3. What type of softwood is used to make the following:
Farm gate
Wooden houses
General joinery
4. What type of hardwood is used to make the following:
Garden furniture
Wood tools
Base ball bats
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