Transcript VIRUSES - Weebly

 VIRUS STRUCTURE
 A virus is not made of
cells
 It is nucleic acid (DNA or
RNA) surrounded by
protein coat (capsid)
 Viral reproduction
• Virus can’t reproduce
unless it is inside a living
cell
• The virus uses the cells
enzymes and ribosomes to
make DNA and protein
• New viruses either bud off
of the cell or the cell
bursts, releasing lots of
viruses
•
MEANS “TRUE” BACTERIA
• COMMON, EVERYDAY BACTERIA
• DECOMPOSERS
• CAN CAUSE DISEASE
 Lacks a nucleus
 Has a cell wall used
for support and
protection
 Have cilia or flagella
Bacteria
Virus
• Made of cells
• Not made of cells
• MUCH SMALLER THAN
• Can be killed by
antibiotics
• Examples of disease
caused by bacteria is
strep throat
CELLS
• Can’t be killed by antibiotics
• Example of diseases caused
by viruses are AIDS (HIV),
Smallpox, Influenza
Malaria
Individuals who
have the sickle
cell trait
(heterozygous)
aren’t as
affected as
homozygous
individuals
Mosquitoes
transmit malaria
PKU
Individuals who
have PKU can’t
break down
phenylalanine
If it builds up it
can cause
mental
retardation
Keep individuals
with
PKU on a diet,
they don’t have
brain damage
Lung
Cancer
Diabetes
Skin
Cancer
Lung cancer is
uncontrolled
growth of cells
in the lungs
Diabetes results
from when the
pancreas fails to
make enough
insulin
Light skinned
people don’t
have the natural
melanin
protection of
darker skinned
people
Individuals who
smoke are more
likely to get
lung cancer
Individuals who
are overweight
and who don’t
exercise seem to
be more
affected
Overexposure to
sunlight can
trigger the
changes that
lead to skin
cancer
B-cells
T- helper cells
T-killer cells
• White blood
cell
• Make
antibodies
• White blood
cell
• Help
coordinate
immune
response
• White blood
cell
• Kill virus
infected cell
 Passive Immunity
 Active Immunity
• Person does NOT
• Person DOES
•
•
•
•
make memory cells or
antibodies
Antibodies only are
transferred
Doesn’t provide longterm protection
Natural: from
breastfeeding
Artificial: Rabies
“shot”
make antibodies
AND memory cells
• Provides long term
immunity
• Natural: you have
disease
• Artificial – you get
a VACCINATION
•
LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
Methanogens:
 Do not need O2
(anaerobic)
 Live in thick mud
and digestive tracts
of animals.
Halophiles:
 Live only in environments with lots of salt.
 Ex. Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea
Thermophiles:
 Live in hot, boiling water.
 Ex. Hot springs, deep sea vents
•
EUKARYOTES
• UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR
• AUTOTROPHIC AND HETEROTROPHIC
 Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis and an eyespot
to help with detection of light.
 Amoeba: move by
the use of
pseudopodia (false
feet)
 Zooflagellates:
Move by use of
flagella
•
EUKARYOTIC
• UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHS (DECOMPOSERS)
 Lichen
 Symbiotic association between fungus and
photosynthetic organism.
 Photosynthetic organism provides a source of
energy
 Fungus provides water, minerals and protection
EUKARYOTIC
AUTOTROPHIC
MULTICELLULAR
Bryophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
• Non-vascular
•No xylem or phloem
• Examples are mosses
• They are small
• Have to be near water
• No pollen, seeds, flowers, or fruits
• Vascular
•Xylem to move water
•Phloem to move food
• Examples are conifers
• Have pollen (sperm)
• Have seeds on cones
• No fruits or flowers
• Vascular
•Xylem to move water
•Phloem to move food
• Examples are flowering plants like
oak trees, corn, and roses
• Have pollen (sperm)
• Have seeds in fruits
• Have flowers
 Root, stem, leaf
Roots are adapted to absorb
water with root hairs
 Leaves are adapted for
photosynthesis by being flat
and green
 Stems move water with xylem
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 Flowers and Fruits
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Flowers have bright petals to attract
pollinators
Pollen (sperm) can be transferred
by animals
When egg joins with pollen, a seed
is formed in the ovary
The ovary becomes the fruit
Fruit surrounds and protects seed
Fruit also helps get baby plants in
seeds away from parent plant
 Xylem
 Transports water up
from the roots
 Phloem
 Transports sugars down
from the leaves
EUKARYOTIC
MULTICELLULAR
HETEROTROPHIC
Annelids
Insects
Amphibians
Mammals
• Segmented worms
• No backbone
• “Breathe” through
skin
• External fertilization
• External development
• No backbone
• Three body segments
• Six legs
• Wings
• External fertilization
• External development
• Metamorphosis
• Have backbone
• Moist skin
• Gills when young,
lungs when adult
• Three chambered
heart
• Cold-blooded
• External fertilization
• External development
• Metamorphosis
• Jelly-like egg
• Backbone
• Hair
• Milk glands
• Lungs
• Four-chambered
heart
• Warm-blooded
• Internal fertilization
• Internal development