Transcript Plants that are thousands of years old have

Plants that are thousands of
years old have
1. no meristems.
2. a rigid body
organization.
3. the ability to
continue growing.
4. predetermined
growth patterns.
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The regions of tissue in a plant that produce
cells that later become specialized tissues
are the
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1. roots.
2. stems.
3. leaves.
4. meristems.
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In the meristem regions of
plants, you would expect to find
1.
2.
3.
4.
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inactive cells.
dividing cells.
companion cells.
reproductive cells.
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Plants can respond to changing
environmental conditions by the use of
which chemicals?
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sugars
enzymes
pigments
hormones
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Which substance(s) produced in one
part of a plant affect(s) another part?
1. oxygen and
nitrogen
2. enzymes
3. herbicides
4. hormones
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Plant hormones are produced in
1. the buds of
flowers.
2. flowers in full
bloom.
3. old leaves.
4. roots.
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Which of the following best
describes plant hormones?
1.
chemical messengers
only
growth regulators only
enzymes, growth
regulators, and
chemical messengers
growth regulators and
chemical messengers
2.
3.
4.
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Which of the following is NOT a
function of auxins?
1.
promoting apical
dominance
promoting cell
elongation in stems
promoting the growth of
lateral buds
promoting the
production of ethylene
2.
3.
4.
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Hormones that stimulate cell elongation and are
produced in the rapidly growing region near the tip
of the plant’s root or stem are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
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auxins.
ethylenes.
cytokinins.
gibberellins.
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What type of hormone affects plant
growth and the development of fruits?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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auxin
cytokinin
gibberellin
ethylene
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What is the source of ethylene
gas in a plant?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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leaf buds
root hairs
fruit tissues
lateral meristems
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Powerful synthetic auxins are
sometimes used as
1.
2.
3.
4.
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fertilizers.
herbicides.
insecticides.
fruit ripeners.
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Cytokinins differ from auxins in
that cytokinins
1. cause leaves to fall.
2. inhibit lateral bud
growth.
3. inhibit elongation of
cells.
4. cause seeds to
remain dormant.
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If the apical meristem of a mature plant
is removed, the plant will most likely
1.
lose its ability to move
phototropically.
show a dramatic and rapid
increase in height.
develop apical dominance and
begin to flower.
lose apical dominance and grow
lateral branches.
2.
3.
4.
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The responses of plants to
external stimuli are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
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tropisms.
auxins.
gibberellins.
cytokinins.
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What is the phenomenon that is causing the
bean seedling to bend in Figure 25–1?
1.
2.
3.
4.
gravitropism
phototropism
rapid response
leaf abscission
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Gravitropism ensures that the
plant in Figure 25–1 will
1. grow roots into the
soil.
2. drop its leaves in the
winter.
3. make green and
yellow pigments.
4. have shoots that
grow toward the soil.
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The growth patterns of plants such as
ivy and pole beans are regulated by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
gravitropism.
phototropism.
thigmotropism.
all of the above
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Roots growing with gravity and stems
growing against gravity are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
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gravitropism.
phototropism.
thigmotropism.
photoperiodism.
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The growth of plant seedlings is
usually
1.
phototropic and
gravitropic.
thigmotropic and
gravitropic.
phototropic and
influenced by ethylene.
gravitropic and
influenced by ethylene.
2.
3.
4.
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The closing of the leaves of a
Venus’ flytrap is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
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a stimulus.
phototropism.
a rapid response.
a hormonal
response.
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Phytochrome is a pigment that
controls
1.
2.
3.
4.
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bud scaling.
gravitropism.
photosynthesis.
photoperiodism.
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Flowering in many plants is
dependent on the
1.
2.
amount of daily rainfall.
average daily
temperatures.
length of uninterrupted
daylight.
length of uninterrupted
darkness.
3.
4.
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A commercial flower grower could induce
winter flowering of a long-day plant by
1.
2.
3.
fertilizing the plant with nitrogen.
treating the plant with gibberellin.
covering the plant with an opaque
cloth in the late afternoon.
exposing the plant to a brief period
of light in the middle of the night.
4.
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The response of a plant to changes in
the length of day or night is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
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abscission.
thigmotropism.
photosynthesis.
photoperiodism.
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What is a pigment that regulates the
changes in activity that prepare plants for
winter?
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1. cytokinin
2. meristem
3. ethylene
4. phytochrome
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What hormones influence the
shedding of leaves?
1. auxin and ethylene
2. cytokinin and
phytochrome
3. gibberellin and auxin
4. phytochrome and
gibberellin
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Which substance helps a plant
resist low temperatures?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
auxin
cytokinin
gibberellin
phytochrome
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One way that plants react to
seasonal changes is by
1. forming abscission
layers.
2. trapping insects for
nitrogen.
3. producing more
chlorophyll.
4. growing oxygen
tubes to their roots.
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The brilliant colors of leaves in
the fall are a result of
1.
2.
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new synthesis of orange and yellow pigments in leav
the movement of chlorophyll from the stems to the
leaves.
the stopping of chlorophyll synthesis, making the
carotenoid pigments visible.
the decrease of auxins in the meristems and the
increase of phytochrome in the leaves.
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3.
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4.
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A period of decreased activity in
a plant is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
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dormancy.
propagation.
germination.
reproduction.
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The prickly-pear cactus shown in Figure 25–2 has a leaf
adaptation that
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1.
2.
3.
pumps out salt.
reduces water loss.
produces thick, green stems.
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4.
produces seeds when it rains.
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How is the cactus in Figure 25–2 adapted to
soak up rare rainfall quickly?
1. It has thin, sharp
spines.
2. It has stems that
shrivel when it rains.
3. It has wide stems
that catch rainwater.
4. It has an extensive
shallow root system.
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How is the cactus in Figure 25–2
adapted to survive long dry periods?
1.
Its stems swell and
store water.
Its leaves drop off when
it gets dry.
Its root system holds
water for later use.
It remains dormant
when there is no rain.
2.
3.
4.
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Spartina grass is a plant that grows in salt marshes. What
adaptation can you assume spartina grass has that allows
it to survive in salty water?
1.
It has an adaptation to pump salt out of
plant tissues.
Its roots selectively exclude salt from
the water it takes in.
It is adapted to using salt as a nutrient
instead of phosphorus.
It grows new roots quickly to replace
those burned by high salt
concentrations.
2.
3.
4.
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Aquatic plants that grow in mud that has
little or no oxygen have adaptations that
1.
2.
allow them to survive without oxygen.
keep them from taking in too much
water.
let them photosynthesize below the
surface of the water.
help them diffuse oxygen from the
surface down to their roots.
3.
4.
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Bald cypress trees have “knees”
that function to
1. support the tree in
the mud.
2. bring oxygen down
to the roots.
3. produce seeds that
float in water.
4. photosynthesize in
the deep shade.
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A carnivorous plant obtains
nitrogen
1. directly from the air.
2. through its roots
from the soil.
3. by trapping and
digesting insects.
4. by extracting it from
a host plant.
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Plants that get their water and nutrients
directly from a host plant are
1. epiphytes.
2. carnivorous
plants.
3. xerophytes.
4. parasites.
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The dodder plant Cuscuta,
which is a parasite,
1.
helps the plant on which
it grows.
gathers its own water
and nutrients.
harms the plant on
which it grows.
captures small
organisms to meet its
nutritional needs.
2.
3.
4.
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Epiphytes differ from parasites
in that epiphytes
1.
2.
harm their host plants.
grow directly on the
bodies of other plants.
extract water from their
host plants.
produce their own food.
3.
4.
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Carnivorous plants obtain the nitrogen
they need from insects because
1.
2.
they are insect parasites.
bacteria in the soil use up all the
available nitrogen.
there is little or no nitrogen in the
soil where these plants live.
insects release more nitrogen than
can be obtained from normal soil.
3.
4.
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The tobacco plant produces a
chemical that
1. is probably a natural
insecticide.
2. protects the plant
from insects.
3. affects the human
nervous system.
4. all of the above
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Which is NOT true of the chemical
defenses produced by plants?
1.
They can act as insect
repellants.
They can be used as
food by plants.
They can be poisonous
and bad-tasting.
They can be used by
humans as medicines.
2.
3.
4.
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A drug in tobacco that might be a natural
insecticide protecting the tobacco plants is
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
nicotine.
codeine.
aspirin.
ethylene.
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Plants have enzymes that direct, control,
and regulate their growth.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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5
1
2
Meristems control the development of
specialized tissues in plants.
_________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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5
1
2
Target cells must contain a receptor in order
to respond to a hormone.
_________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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3
4
5
1
2
Growth in lateral branches of a plant is
stimulated by ethylene.
_________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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5
1
2
Cells on the shaded side of a stem elongate more than
cells on the side receiving light because of the hormone
ethylene. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Seedlings finding their way out of the soil and into
the sunlight is an example of photoperiodism.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
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5
1
50%
2
The growing tip of a climbing vine exhibits
phototropism when it grows in a circling
motion. _________________________
1. True
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50%
2. False
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2
3
4
5
1
2
Long-day plants flower when nights are
long. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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3
4
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5
1
50%
2
Photoperiodism in plants is regulated by ethylene,
which times seasonal activities such as flowering
and growth. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The critical day length for a plant indicates the
number of hours of darkness a plant requires to
produce flowers. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The orange and yellow colors of fall leaves are a result of
the reduction of chlorophyll in the leaf, revealing the
phytochrome pigments. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Angiosperms have been modified over time to survive in
various environments through the process of natural
selection. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
In some desert plants, a tuber is a stem that
is specialized to store water.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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2
3
4
5
1
2
Some plant chemicals act as insect hormones,
changing the way an insect normally develops.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Many plants produce chemical compounds
that ward off potential pollinators.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
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3
4
5
1
2
Participant Scores
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Participant 2
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Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
____________________ are the source of
plant growth, which is then controlled and
regulated by hormones.
1
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5
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Plants can respond to changing
environmental conditions by the use of
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A target cell must contain a hormone
____________________ to which the
hormone can bind.
1
2
3
4
5
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Fruit ripening can be stimulated
by ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Very high concentrations of auxins in roots
inhibit the ____________________ of root
cells.
1
2
3
4
5
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Figure 25–1
In Figure 25–1, the bean seedling’s roots emerge from the
top of the seed, then curve around and grow down. This
plant response is called ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
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The ability of the young seedling in Figure
25–1 to turn toward the light in just a few
hours is called ____________________.
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2
3
4
5
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Plant responses to external stimuli are
called ____________________, from a
Greek word meaning “turning.”
1
2
3
4
5
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As cold weather approaches,
____________________ plants turn off
photosynthetic pathways.
1
2
3
4
5
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Phytochrome is a ____________________ in
plants that produces responses to changing day
lengths with seasonal changes.
1
2
3
4
5
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Mangroves survive in oxygenless mud by growing
specialized ____________________ that have air
spaces in them.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Some desert plants are adapted for flowering and
producing ____________________ quickly after a
rainfall.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A desert plant that is transplanted to an aquatic
environment likely would not survive because it is
not ____________________ to that environment.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A plant that grows in fresh water would not survive in salt
water because its leaves do not have specialized
____________________ to pump out salt, as do salttolerant plants.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Insect predators have provided the adaptive pressure over
time for plants to develop ____________________
defenses to avoid being eaten.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
List two environmental factors to
which plants respond.
1
2
3
4
5
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Explain what is meant by the phrase “forever
young” with regard to most plants.
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2
3
4
5
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What is a plant hormone?
1
2
3
4
5
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What did Charles and Francis Darwin
demonstrate in their experiment with oat
seedlings?
1
2
3
4
5
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Explain how auxin-influenced gravitropism
causes the roots of a seedling to grow
around an obstacle.
1
2
3
4
5
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From what you know about a plant’s response to touch,
explain why a rapid response is more advantageous to a
Venus’ flytrap than a thigmotropic response.
1
2
3
4
5
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How do commercial growers supply
blooming chrysanthemums, carnations, and
roses to flower shops all year long?
1
2
3
4
5
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Why do hollyhocks that are planted
outside bloom only in the summer?
1
2
3
4
5
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What three major changes do plants
undergo in the fall in preparation for winter
dormancy?
1
2
3
4
5
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What is an abscission layer?
1
2
3
4
5
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Describe the particular problems of
carnivorous plants in obtaining nitrogen from
the soil.
1
2
3
4
5
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Figure 25–2
How is the cactus in Figure 25–2 adapted to
prevent water loss through transpiration?
1
2
3
4
5
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How are epiphytes similar to
and different from parasites?
1
2
3
4
5
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How are some of the chemical defenses of
plants beneficial to humans?
1
2
3
4
5
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How might the mangrove’s adaptation for
getting rid of salt help defend it against
plant-eating animals?
1
2
3
4
5
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Contrast the growth patterns of
animals with those of plants.
1
2
3
4
5
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Explain how different cells can react
differently when exposed to the same
hormone.
1
2
3
4
5
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Explain why sealing fruit in a bag might
cause the fruit to ripen quickly.
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2
3
4
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Briefly describe how plants
respond to light and gravity.
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2
3
4
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What happens to a plant when a
gardener snips off the growing tip?
1
2
3
4
5
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Summarize the relationship between
phytochrome and photoperiodism in
flowering plants.
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2
3
4
5
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Explain the survival advantage to
plants of becoming dormant in winter.
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2
3
4
5
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Describe the seed adaptations you
might find in some aquatic plants.
1
2
3
4
5
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How are waterlilies adapted to
growing in mud without oxygen?
1
2
3
4
5
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Describe the adaptation for obtaining
nutrients that pitcher plants and parasitic
plants have in common.
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2
3
4
5
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