Transcript List #1

Acer x freemanii ‘Jeffersred’
“Autumn Blaze® maple”
SIZE: Medium tree
HABIT: Oval - rounded, dense crown
FOL: Rich green in summer; long-lasting orangered in fall; deeply lobed leaf similar to Acer
saccharinum
FL. & FR.: Red in Spring; a mix of male and female
and hermaphroditic flowers; fruit = a reddish
samara in early summer
CULTURE: Tolerates most soils; tolerates air
pollution but not a great urban tree; does
not like salt!
PESTS: none serious
USE: Specimen tree for lawn, street, or park
MISC.: Selected in the 1960’s by nurseryman
Glenn Jeffers in Fostoria, OH. Introduced
in 1980. From seedlings collected from a
cross of A. rubrum x A. saccharinum. A. x
freemanii was first developed in 1933 at the
U.S. National Arboretum by Oliver Freeman
Acer negundo
“boxelder”
SIZE: Medium tree
HABIT: Rounded; typically ragged and
irregular
FOLIAGE: Bright green; pinnately compound leaf!
BARK: Mature bark is grayish brown
with some ridges and furrows. Twigs tend
to be covered with a glucose bloom.
FLOWERS and FRUIT: Dioecious, yellow-green in
Spring; male flowers in corymbs; female in racemes
Corymb
• A flat-topped collection of flowers
Raceme
• A collection of flowers on a stalk which
typically open starting at the bottom and
working their way upwards
CULTURE: Performs well in poor, wet or dry
soils; pH adaptable. Will survive where
other trees will not!
PESTS: Anthracnose, leaf spot, and powdery
mildew; boxelder bugs
USE: Weedy, “trash” tree; use only where all
other trees fail!
MISC.: ‘Flamingo’ = pink shoots with green
leaves and white margins. Plant a male
selection to eliminate messy female samaras
Acer negundo ‘Kelly’s Gold’
Acer negundo ‘Variegatum’
Acer platanoides
“Norway maple”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Rounded, symmetrical crown; dense
FOLIAGE: Dark green, changing to yellow; leaves
persist on the tree late in the fall
BARK: Grayish black with some ridges at
maturity.
FLOWERS and FRUIT: Perfect, yellow to
greenish-yellow in corymbs in April before the
leaves (somewhat showy); schizocarp = 4” long,
o
140 angle
CULTURE: Soil adaptable; tolerates sand
and clay; pH adaptable; tolerates air
pollution (ozone and sulfur dioxide);
tolerates some shade; will NOT tolerate
2,4-D (a broadleaf herbicide); easily
transplanted
PESTS: Leaf scorch; sun scald
USE: Lawn, street, or park tree; over-planted
MISC.: Invasive! difficult
to grow turf underneath;
‘Columnare’ = upright form;
‘Crimson King’ = red leaves;
‘Drummondii’ = white margin.
Acer platanoides ‘Columnare’
Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’
Acer platanoides ‘Drummondii’
Acer platanoides ‘Globosum’
Acer platanoides (Dwarf Forms)
Acer platanoides ‘Bailpride’
Acer rubrum
“red maple”
SIZE: Medium to Large
HABIT: Pyramidal/elliptical when young
Irregular to rounded crown when mature
FOL: Dark green above and grayish below; new
leaves are reddish; yellow to red in fall
BARK: soft gray or gray brown with
prominent “target facing”
FL. & FR.: Red flowers in dense clusters
before leaves (showy) which are male,
female or mixed; reddish schizocarp with
o
samaras at a 60 angle
CULTURE: Tolerates most soils; tolerates air
pollution but not a great urban tree; does
not tolerate salt well
PESTS: chlorosis at high pH due to
manganese deficiency
USE: Specimen tree for lawn, street, or park
MISC.: Often one of the first trees to color in
fall; fall color is inconsistent and a cultivar must
be used to assure a red color such as Red
Sunset® (= A. rubrum ‘Franksred’) which is very
cold-hardy & commonly used
Acer rubrum 'Columnare'
Acer saccharinum
“silver maple”
SIZE: Large
HABIT: Oval to rounded
crown, pendulous branchlets
are upturned
FOL: Medium green above and gray-silver
below; can be a nice butter-yellow in fall
BARK: similar to
A. rubrum when young.
At maturity becomes gray
with ridges and furrowes.
FL. & FR.: Greenish-yellow (apetalous);
open before leaves and before A. rubrum;
flowers in dense clusters and are male,
female, or mixed; largest schizocarp (4+”)
o
with samaras at 90 angle
CULTURE: Tolerates most soils; tolerates poor soil;
prefers moist soil; very easy to grow
PESTS: Many... anthracnose, leaf hopper, cottony
maple scale; manganese chlorosis at high pH
USE: Good for fast shade or
rugged conditions; becomes a
liability with age; roots will
buckle sidewalks and clog
drains
MISC.: Trees break up in ice;
weak-wooded
Acer saccharum
“sugar maple”
SIZE: Large
HABIT: Rounded to upright
oval; cultivar dependent
FOL: Medium green (lighter than A.
platanoides); yellow and orange in fall
(some reds), typically all colors on one tree!
BARK: Extremely variable. Young trees tend to
develop smooth gray brown bark that becomes deeply
furrowed with age. At maturity some trees have thick
plates and ridges where as others will appear scaly.
FL. & FR.: Greenish-yellow; in corymbs
before leaves (not showy); schizocarp
shaped like a horseshoe
CULTURE: pH tolerant; requires room for
roots; tolerates shade; does NOT tolerate air
pollution, soil compaction, or salt
PESTS: Leaf scorch
USE: Excellent shade tree; lawns, parks, golf
courses (not as a street tree)
MISC.: Sap boiled in spring yields maple
syrup; 40 gallons of sap = 1 gal. of syrup;
‘Newton Sentry’ = very tight, columnar
habit; ‘Temple’s Upright’ = columnar habit
Acer saccharum 'Monumentalis'
Acer saccharum 'Newton sentry'
Kalopanax septemlobus
“castor-aralia”
SIZE: Large
HABIT: Upright-oval when young becoming
rounded-oval when mature
FOL: Coarse texture; dark green in
summer, often falling green (yellow fall
color is rare)
BARK: branches armed with stout prickles. Mature
trunks are blackish and deeply furrowed.
FL. & FR.: perfect, white in mid-summer;
clusters of small flowers in 1” umbels;
somewhat showy; fruit = black, globose
drupe in early fall
CULTURE: prefers deep, rich, moist soil; full
sun
PESTS: None
USE: Excellent shade tree; lawns, parks, golf
courses
MISC.: Bees like the flowers and birds love
the fruit. Rare in cultivation but a
worthwhile plant for large spaces.
“septemlobus” means “7-lobed”. Looks like
Ricinus communis (“caster bean”)
Previously named K. pictus
Kalopanax septemlobus. var.
maximowiczii
Betula
“birch”
• All birch are monoecious
• All birch have staminate (male) and
pistillate (female) catkins
• Male catkins are formed in late summer
and retained through the winter
• Female catkins form in spring, are
pollinated, and disperse their winged
nutlets in late summer-early fall
• Related to alders (Alnus)
Betula alleghaniensis
“yellow birch”
SIZE: Large
HABIT: Pyramidal when
young; rounded with age;
in woods forms a central
leader; largest native birch
FOL: Dull dark green; excellent medium
yellow in fall
BARK: Peeling, light yellowish brown.
Stems have the taste of wintergreen.
FL. & FR.: Male catkins pendulous,
terminal in 4’s; 1” female catkin is solitary,
elliptic and upright on spur shoots
CULTURE: Prefers cool, moist soils and cool
summers; does NOT tolerate hot and dry
conditions
PESTS: None serious; resistant to Japanese
beetles, leaf miner and bronze birch borer
USE: Nice lawn tree or specimen
MISC.: Important lumber tree in Canada for
furniture, flooring, and doors; oil of
wintergreen not as strong as B. lenta;
peeling yellow-brown bark; native
Betula lenta
“black birch”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Pyramidal and dense when young;
rounded to upright oval when mature
FOL: Lustrous dark green; golden yellow
in fall
BARK: Dark brown to black on young
trees with prominent lenticels. The bark
becomes more scaly at maturity.
FL. & FR.: Male catkins pendulous,
terminal in 4’s; 3/4” female catkin is
solitary, narrow and upright on spur shoot
CULTURE: Tolerates heavy soils
PESTS: None serious; resistant to Japanese
beetle, leaf miner, and bronze birch borer
USE: Excellent tree for parks and naturalized
areas
MISC.: Best fall color among the birches;
wintergreen oil can be distilled from the
bark (high oil content); darkest bark of all
birch; “lenta” means “pliable”; native
Betula nigra
“river birch”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Pyramidal when
young; rounded with age;
often multiple trunks
FOL: Lustrous, medium green; faded
yellow fall color (not very effective in the
north), drops quickly
BARK: Peeling creamy salmon, orange
brown to cinnamon brown in color. One of
the most beautiful birches for winter interest.
FL. & FR.: Male catkins terminal in 3’s;
1” pendulous female catkin
CULTURE: Does best in moist, acid, fertile
soils (bottomlands); will tolerate dry
conditions and some compact soil; iron
chlorosis in high pH; can tolerate warmer
climates (Zone 8)
PESTS: None
USE: Specimen tree for large areas; widely
used in the heat of the South
MISC.: ‘Heritage’ is a superior cultivar for
rapid growth, vigor, darker green foliage
and better yellow fall color; incredible
peeling reddish-tan bark; native
Betula papyrifera
“paper birch”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Loosely pyramidal when
young; irregular, upright oval when
mature; single or multi-trunked
FOL: Dull dark green; very good yellow
fall color
Bark: Mature plants have chalky white
peeling bark that is easily separated into
paper like layers.
FL .& FR.: Male catkin terminal in 2’s or
3’s; 1” pendulous, female catkin
CULTURE: Soil adaptable; prefers moist, acid, sandy
or silty loams; does NOT tolerate air pollution
PESTS: Leaf miner; resistant to bronze birch borer
USE: Best in large areas
MISC.: Place in front of evergreens for
winter bark interest; outstanding peeling,
white bark; native
Betula pendula
“European white birch”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Gracefully pyramidal
when young; upright-oval when
mature; remains pendulous
and graceful
FOL: Glossy, dark green; poor yellow fall
color
BARK: Mature bark is white and does not
peel or exfoliate. Bark often has diamond
shaped areas of black within.
FL. & FR.: Male catkin in 2’s, sometimes
singly or in 3’s; 1” pendulous, female
catkin
CULTURE: Prefers MWDS; tolerates wet or
dry soils; pH tolerant; “bleeds” readily so
prune in summer or fall
PESTS: Very susceptible to bronze birch
borer(Agrilus anxius) and leaf miners;
Japanese beetles are not a serious pest
USE: Specimen for lawn or large areas
MISC.: Most common birch in N. America.
‘Dalecarlica’ is an elegant cultivar with
deeply incised leaves; ‘Purpurea’ is a
purple-leaved form; ‘Youngii’ is weeping
form, often grafted.
Betula pendula ‘Dalecarlica’
Betula pendula ‘Youngii’
Betula pendula ‘Purpurea’
Betula populifolia
“gray birch”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Narrow, open, conical crown; tips of
branches are pendulous
FOL: Glossy, dark green; nice yellow fall
color; one of the first birches to leaf-out
Bark: Chalky white, not as bright as paper
birch. Bark does not peel and has distinct
black markings below each branch.
FL. & FR.: Very long male catkins borne
singly, rarely in 2’s; 1” pendulous, female
catkin
CULTURE: Prefers poor, sterile rocky, gravelly or
sandy sites; will tolerate heavy soils; tolerates wet or
dry conditions; will not tolerate competition or basic
soils
PESTS: Leaf miner and Japanese beetles can be
devastating; slightly resistant to bronze birch borer
USE: Good for naturalizing; good for
difficult sites with poor soils
MISC.: Short-lived tree (15-20 years);
dirty gray bark; native
Catalpa speciosa
“northern catalpa”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Open with an irregular- oval crown
FOL: Medium to light green; a poor
yellow-brown fall color (not effective)
BARK: Grayish brown at
maturity with a ridged and
thick look.
FL. & FR.: White tube-shaped corolla, 2” long and
wide, purple spot in throat, in May-June in upright
terminal panicles 4-8” long; fruit = an 8-20” long, 1/2”
wide “pod-like” capsule that persists through winter
CULTURE: Tolerates most soils; tolerates
wet, hot, dry or alkaline conditions; full sun
to partial shade
PESTS: Leaf spots, powdery mildew, aphids
and sooty mold
USE: Best for difficult areas (roadways);
coarse texture difficult to use in the home
landscape
MISC.: Wood is very rot resistant and
used as railroad ties.
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
“katsura tree”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Pyramidal when young; variable
habit when mature
FOL: New foliage is reddish-purple; dark
blue-green in summer; yellow-apricot in fall
BARK: Mature bark is brown and can be
slightly shaggy.
FL. & FR.: Dioecious; flowers are minute;
flowers before the leaves yet are not showy;
fruit is a pod and not showy
CULTURE: Requires a moist, rich soil; pH
adaptable; difficult to transplant (best B &
B in early spring)
PESTS: None serious; scorch on foliage when
dry
USE: Excellent in either a lawn or large area
MISC.: A beautiful foliage tree; ‘Pendula’ is a
weeping form (usually grafted); “Cercid” refers
to “redbud” (Cercis) and “phyllum” refers to
the “leaf”
Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‘Pendula’
Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‘Red Fox’
Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‘Ruby’
Fagus grandifolia
“American beech”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Stout trunk; broad,
low-spreading limbs; pyramidal
habit
FOL: Medium green; golden yellow in
fall; persist into winter (tan)
BARK: Appears thin and smooth. Has a
clean bluish gray appearance.
FL. & FR.: Monoecious; not showy; nut
in a prickly involucre (3/4”); nut is edible
CULTURE: MWDS; does NOT tolerate wet
or compacted soils; shallow roots; tolerates
shade; tolerates pruning
PESTS: Beech scale; aphids; powdery mildew
USE: Native tree; for large areas only;
attracts wildlife
MISC.: Tolerates heat better than F.
sylvatica; will root sucker; difficult to
grow grass under; NO cultivar selections.
Fagus is from the Greek, “phagein” (= “to
eat”), referring to the edible nuts.
Fagus sylvatica
“European beech”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Stout trunk; branching to the
ground; pyramidal
FOL: Lustrous, dark green; golden-bronze
in fall; persist into winter (tan)
BARK: Similar to F. grandifolia but
generally darker. Very ornamental.
FL. & FR.: Monoecious; not showy; nut in
a prickly involucre (1”); nut is edible
CULTURE: Tolerates adverse soil better than
F. grandifolia but otherwise the same
PESTS: Same as F. grandifolia
USE: Specimens for large areas (parks, etc.);
attracts wildlife
MISC.: The most variable of all ornamental
shade trees. The best cultivars:‘Asplenifolia’
= cut-leaf; ‘Fastigiata’ = upright; ‘Pendula’
= weeping; ‘Purpurea’ = dark purple leaf.
Small growing cultivars are now available
for residential use. The name, “sylvatica”
come from the Latin, “silva” meaning “of
the woods”
Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea
Fagus sylvatica ‘Pendula’
Fagus sylvatica ‘Asplenifolia’
Fagus sylvatica ‘Ansorgei’
Fagus sylvatica ‘Aurea Pendula’
Fagus sylvatica ‘Quercifolia’
Fagus sylvatica ‘Tricolor’
Quercus
“oaks”
• All oaks are monoecious
• All oaks have staminate (male) catkins and
pistillate (female) axillary flowers
• Nuts are acorns (edible) with a cup which is
an involucre (collection of bracts)
• Often have tap roots and are difficult to
transplant
• Often have dense wood & are slow-growing
• 500-600 species of oaks exist
“white” oaks vs. “red” oaks
• White oaks have rounded leaves while
red oaks have bristle-tipped foliage
• The inside of the acorn is smooth in white
oaks but is hairy in red oaks
• White oak seeds take 1 year to mature
while red oak seeds take 2 years
• White oak seeds germinate immediately
after they drop to the ground and
therefore need to be planted or
immediately refrigerated, while red oak
seeds only germinate in spring
Quercus alba
“white oak”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Pyramidal when young; broadrounded when mature
FOL: Opens gray-pink; blue-green in
summer; red-purple in fall (can be nice!);
leaves often persist into winter
BARK: Often broken into small blocks and
scales. Light gray in color.
FL. & FR.: Acorn = 1” oblong with bumpy
cup
CULTURE: Deep, MWDS; mycorrhizal
association with roots; production and
transplant difficult
PESTS: Powdery mildew; leaf galls; etc...
USE: Large areas; naturalizing; attracts wildlife
MISC.: Wood used in furniture, flooring, boats,
and casks. No other North American oak has so
many famous and historic specimens as this
species. “alba” refers to the light color of the
wood. Native
Quercus bicolor
“swamp white oak”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Broad, open, rounded crown
FOL: Lustrous, dark green; yellow in fall;
leaves often persist into winter when young
BARK: Grayish brown and often divided
into distinct rectangular patterns.
FL. & FR.: Acorn = 1” oval in pairs,
usually stalked
CULTURE: Difficult to transplant; not as
tolerant of adverse conditions as Q.
palustris and Q. rubra; tolerates higher
pH than Q. palustris; fast grower
PESTS: None
USE: Naturalizing, large areas, attracts
wildlife
MISC.: One of the last oaks to develop fall
color… and it is often the best! Rare in
commerce and often misidentified! Native
Quercus imbricaria
“shingle oak”
SIZE: Medium
HABIT: Pyramidal in youth;
broad-round at maturity
FOL: Unfolds reddish; lustrous dark
green in summer; yellow-brown-russet in
fall (not showy); leaves often persist into
winter
BARK: Gray brown with low ridges and
some furrows.
FL. & FR.: Acorn = 1/2”, rounded
CULTURE: Transplants easier than most
oaks; tolerates urban conditions;
tolerates dry sites; tolerates pruning
PESTS: Few problems
USE: Naturalizing large areas, attracts
wildlife; can be used for hedges
MISC.: Wood used for roofing and wall
shingles! Gets its name from the Latin,
“imbrex” meaning “tile”. Native
Quercus macrocarpa
“bur oak”
SIZE: Large
HABIT: Pyramidal/oval when young;
broad-spreading crown when mature
FOL: Lustrous dark green in summer;
green-yellow-brown in fall (not showy)
BARK: Mature bark develops deep ridges.
Usually dark gray and almost dirty looking.
FL. & FR.: Acorn = 1 - 1 1/2” with deep,
frilled cup
CULTURE: Soil adaptable but transplant
is difficult; prefers alkaline soils;
tolerates city conditions
PESTS: Few problems
USE: Large areas, naturalizing, attract
wildlife
MISC.: The name is derived from the
Greek, “macro” meaning “large” and
“karpos” meaning “fruit”. Rather rare in
commerce. Native
Quercus palustris
“pin oak”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Pyramidal through maturity
FOL: Lustrous dark green in summer;
russet in fall (variable); leaves may persist
into winter
BARK: Grayish brown, develops shallow ridges
with age. Distinctive pins on the branches.
FL. & FR.: Acorn = 1/2” rounded, in
clusters
CULTURE: MWDS; easily transplanted;
tolerates wet soils; tolerates air pollution
and city conditions; does NOT tolerate
high pH (chlorosis!)
PESTS: Leaf galls, iron chlorosis
USE: Shade tree, lawns, parks; attracts
wildlife; naturalizing
MISC.: Lower branches will die out and
require pruning; very widely used; fast
grower. “palustris” is from the Latin
meaning “swamps or marshes”. Native
Quercus robur ‘Fastigiata’
“fastigiate English oak”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Columnar with
wavy, ascending branches
FOL: Dull dark green in summer; NO fall
color - leaves fall off green
BARK: Mature bark is deeply furrowed
and grayish black.
FL. & FR.: Acorn = 1” elongate, stalked,
rare on the cultivar
CULTURE: MWDS; pH tolerant
PESTS: Powdery mildew
USE: Large areas; attract wildlife
MISC.: The species is widely used in
Europe but is rare in the U.S. Other
cultivars available
Quercus rubra
“red oak”
SIZE: Medium to large
HABIT: Upright elliptic
when young; rounded
when mature
FOL: Pinkish-red when unfolding;
lustrous dark green in summer; russet to
bright red in fall
BARK: Mature bark has distinct flat gray
areas as well as ridges and furrows.
FL. & FR.: Acorn = 1” globose-elliptic
CULTURE: MWDS; transplants easily;
tolerates air pollution; high pH =
chlorosis
PESTS: None
USE: Excellent for lawns or large areas;
ok as street tree; attracts wildlife;
naturalizing
MISC.: Fast grower. Extremely common
in cultivation. Native