Transcript Plants - West Ada

PLANT SYSTEMS
3 SYSTEMS OF PLANTS WE WILL STUDY
Root system
 Stem system
 Leaf system

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT SYSTEM
1. Anchorage and support. The plant root system
anchors the plant in the soil and provides physical
support.
 2. Absorbing nutrients. The plant root system
absorbs water, oxygen and nutrients from the soil,
mainly through the root hairs. From the root, these
are moved upward.
 3. Storing nutrients. The root serves as storage
organ for water and carbohydrates as in the
modified, swollen roots of carrot, sweet potato and
yams. Some roots are capable of storing large
amounts of water; the taproots of some desert
plants store more than 70 kg of water (Moore et al.
2003).

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION – ROOT SYSTEM
Cell = Plant cell
 Tissue (vascular) = xylem, phloem
 Organ = root
 Organ system = root system
 Organism = plant

2 MAIN TYPES OF ROOTS

Taproot
A

large single root that usually grows straight down
Fibrous
 Numerous
roots about the same size
FUNCTIONS OF STEM SYSTEM
1. The stem carries nutrients, and water and the
products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen)
between the plant’s roots and leaves, like
plumbing pipes.
2. The stem also provides support for the plant
and holds up the leaves so they are exposed to
the sun.
3. The stem can help store water in some plants
such as cacti.
TYPES OF STEMS

Aerial
 Above
ground and usually
vertical (tree trunks, dandelion
stems)

Subterranean
 Under
ground and can resemble
roots (ginger, potatoes, onions)

Runner
 Run
along the ground with roots
coming off of them
(strawberries)
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION – STEM SYSTEM
Cell = Plant cell
 Tissue (vascular) = xylem, phloem
 Organ = stems
 Organ system = stem system
 Organism = plant

FUNCTIONS OF LEAF SYSTEM
1. Making food through photosynthesis.
2. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
through stomata.
3. Evaporation of water on leaf surface and
through stomata.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION – LEAF SYSTEM
Cell = Plant cell
 Tissue (vascular) = epidermal tissue
 Organ = leaf
 Organ system = leaf system
 Organism = plant

HOW ARE PLANTS CLASSIFIED?

We classify plants into one of two categories:
 1)
nonvascular plants (without plumbing)
 2) vascular plants (with plumbing)
VASCULAR VS NONVASCULAR PLANTS VIDEO CLIP
NON VASCULAR PLANTS
Non vascular plants are plants that do not have
vascular tissue
 They don’t have “pipes” to transport water and
nutrients
 They depend on osmosis and diffusion to move
materials from one part of the plant to another
 They are mostly small plants

 Examples:
mosses, liverworts
BRAIN BREAK
1. Stand up.
2. Take your right hand and grab your left ear. Keep your
right arm close to your body.
3. Now take your left hand and touch your nose.
4. Uncross your arms and move your left hand to your
right ear and your right hand to your nose. Your left arm
should now be closest to your body.
5. Switch back and forth as fast as you can.
NON VASCULAR PLANTS
VASCULAR PLANTS

Have special tissues, vascular tissue, that delivers
needed materials throughout the plant.

Like pipes carrying water in your house
Because they have vascular tissues, these plants
have true STEMS, LEAVES, and ROOTS
 Can be almost any size
 2 types


Non seed producers
 Ferns,

horsetails, club mosses
Seed producers (2 types)
 Flowering
plants (angiosperms)
 Nonflowering plants (gymnosperms)
Angiosperms vs Gymnosperms Preview
VASCULAR PLANTS
VASCULAR TISSUE

There are two types of vascular tissue:
 Xylem
(water conducting tissue)
 Phloem (food conducting tissue)
 The purpose of the vascular tissue is to transport
needed materials around the plant.
 It is similar to our circulatory system.
XYLEM = WATER CARRYING TISSUE

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
The xylem of a plant is the system of tubes and
transport cells that circulates water and dissolved
minerals.
A plant has roots to absorb water. If a plant’s leaves
need water and they are 100 feet above the ground, it is
time to put the xylem into action!
Xylem is made of vessels that are connected end to end
for the maximum speed to move water around. They also
have a secondary function of support.
When someone cuts an old tree down, they reveal a set
of rings. Those rings are the remains of old xylem tissue,
one ring for every year the tree was alive.
Xylem tissue dies after one year and then develops
anew (rings in the tree trunk).
XYLEM
Xylem Video
PHLOEM = FOOD CARRYING TISSUE
When the sugars from photosynthesis are made,
they need to be given to every cell in the plant for
energy.
 The phloem cells are laid out end-to-end
throughout the entire plant, transporting the
sugars and other molecules created by the plant.
Phloem is always alive.
 What is the best way to think about phloem? Think
about sap coming out of a tree. That
dripping sap usually comes from the phloem.

PHLOEM
Phloem Video
HOW IS A PLANT DIFFERENT FROM AN ANIMAL?

Plants make their own food
 Photosynthesis
 Autotrophs

Plants cells have cell walls
 Provides
the shape and support for a plant.
BRAIN BREAK






1. Stand Up.
2. Start by waving your right hand in front of you left to
right. Your palm should be facing away from you while
keeping your hand with your fingers pointing up.
3. Now stop that hand and have your left hand in front of
you waving it up and down.
4. Now practice moving them at the SAME TIME. Do not
move your hands going diagonally.
5. Now switch to have your right hand up and down and
your left hand left and right. Do this faster and switch
often to make it more difficult.
6. Lastly, to increase the difficulty, have your arms
crossed while doing this.