Transcript How do the structures of plants enable them to survive?

Aim: How do the structures of
plants enable them to survive?
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Main Tissue Systems of Plants:
1)Dermal Tissue – the outer covering or the “skin” of
the plant (epidermis).
2)Vascular Tissue – transports water, minerals, and
organic molecules between the roots and leaves.
3)Ground Tissue – fills in the spaces between the
dermal and vascular tissues.
4)Meristem Tissue – generate
new dermal, vascular, and
tissues in plants. Found in
Roots and stems.
Root Structure & Function:
Roots anchor a plant in the
soil, provide structural support,
and absorb water and minerals.
The vascular tissue allows for
transport.
Cells divide rapidly by mitosis
and allows for growth in
length (primary growth).
Stem Structure & Function:
Stems are the parts of a plant that support leaves
and flowers.
Stems play an important role
in transporting materials in a
plant.
Vascular tissue runs vertically
inside.
Vascular Bundles
How are materials transported?
Vascular Tissue:
Xylem – transports water
& dissolved minerals
upward from roots to the
leaves.
Transpiration – the evaporation of water from leaves,
“pulls” the water up the xylem.
How are materials transported?
TRANSPORTS NUTRIENTS FROM…
The leaf to the roots.
Vascular Tissue:
Phloem – transports food made
in leaves to the roots & parts
of the plant that don’t
photosynthesize (fruits).
Secondary Growth: Woody Plants
Secondary Growth – growth in plant width.
Vascular Cambium – actively dividing cells located
between xylem & phloem.
Cork Cambium – produces a tough outer layer of cork.
Leaf Structure & Function:
Leaves are the primary food-producing
sites of a plant (photosynthesis).
Epidermis – outer layer of cells. Cuticle
on surface keeps moisture inside.
Palisade Layer – closely packed
photosynthetic cells.
Spongy Layer – loosely packed
photosynthetic cells. Allow for gas
exchange.
Guard cells – regulate the opening/closing
of the stomates.
How does CO2 get inside the
leaf?OPEN STOMATES
GUARD CELLS
Should the stomates always be
open?
WATER
VAPOR
No, because the plant
will lose water & wilt.
When should the guard cells
stomates
close the ________?
When it’s really dry
Stomates Open – water vapor exits & carbon dioxide
enters
Stomates Closed – plant is conserving water