Transcript (Diagnostic fea. families 4(madhumita))

General Account and Diagnostic
Features of
the Families :
Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae,
Umbelliferae and Compositae
Submitted By:
Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee
Assistant Professor
Botany Deptt.
Post Graduate Govt. Girls College
Sector -11, Chandigarh
Family Fabaceae
Classification
Class:
Dicotyledones
Sub-Class : Polypetalae
Series :
Order :
Family :
Calciflorae
Rosales
Fabaceae
Distribution
•Fabaceae is a large and economically important family ,
which is commonly known as the legume family,
pea family, bean family or pulse family
•Fabaceae is the third largest family of flowering plants,
with 730 genera and over 19,400 species.
•The species of this family are found throughout the
world.
• A number are important agricultural plants, including:
Glycine max (soybean), Phaseolus (beans), Pisum
sativum (pea), Cicer arietinum (chickpeas), Arachis
hypogaea (peanut), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice)
Three subfamilies Of Fabaceae :
Subfamily-Papilionaceae
Subfamily-Caesalpinieae
Subfamily-Mimoseae
Fabaceae - range in habit
• Sub family : Papilionaceae - from herbs (Melilotus ) or herbaceous climber
(Pisum sativum)
• Sub family :Caesalpinieae - Mostly trees (Cassia fistula, Tamarindus indica
• Sub family : Mimoseae - Mostly trees (Acacia)
Leaves
The leaves are usually alternate (pisum sativum)
In the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae commonly bipinnate (e.g.
Acacia, Mimosa).
They always have stipules, which can be leaf-like (e.g. Pisum),. Both the
leaves and the leaflets often have wrinkled pulvinito permit nastic movements.
In some species, leaflets have evolved into tendrils (e.g. Vicia).
Subfamily- Papilionaceae (Lathyrus sp.)
Subfamily-Papilionaceae

Flower : bracteate ,complete, zygomorphic, bisexual,
pentamerous &hypogynous.
 Calyx : have five generally fused sepals
 Corolla : five free petals. Corolla is paplionaceous
 Androecium ;. There are normally ten stamens (9+1)
 Gynoecium : one elongated superior ovary, with a
curved style.
Fabaceae are typically entomophilous plants (i.e. they
are pollinated by insects)
Lathyrus sp.
Diagnostic Features Of Papilionaceae
 Flower zygomorphic

Gynoecium only one

Corolla papilionaceous with descending
imbricate aestivation

Ovary monocarpellary
Subfamily-Caesalpinieae (Cassia Sp.)
Subfamily-Caesalpinieae
 Flower : large,bracteate ,complete, zygomorphic,
bisexual, pentamerous & hypogynous.
 Calyx : have five generally fused at base
 Corolla : five free petals ,alternate with sepals.
 Androecium : There are normally ten stamens.
diplostemonous with 2 alternate whorls of 5 stamens
each.
 Gynoecium : one elongated superior ovary,,unilocular
ovary with marginal placentation..
Cassia Sp.
Diagnostic Features Of Caesalpiniaceae

Flower zygomorphic
 Corolla with ascending imbricate
aestivation
 Gynoecium usually monocarpellary
Subfamily- Mimoseae
 Flower : minute, condenced, bracteate,sessile ,
comp lete, actinomorphic, bisexual, pentamerous &
hypogynous.
 Calyx : have five generally united into a small tube .
 Corolla : five free petals, subconnate at base
,alternate with sepals.
 Androecium ;. There are numerous stamens,which
are free. The anthers are dithecous, introrse.
 Gynoecium : one superior ovary,,unilocular ovary
with marginal placentation..
Subfamily- Mimoseae (Acacia Sp. )
Subfamily- Mimoseae (Acacia Sp. )
Diagnostic Features Of Mimosaceae
 Flower actinomorphic
 Gynoecium usually one & superior
 Corolla valvate
 Fruit lomentum
FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE
Classification
Class:
Dicotyledones
Sub-Class : Polypetalae
Series :
Calciflorae
Order :
Passiflorales
Family :
Cucurbitaceae
Distribution
• Cucurbitaceae is a plant family commonly known as
melons, gourds or cucurbits .
• It includes crops like cucumbers, squashes,
pumpkins, luffas, melons and watermelons.
• The family is predominantly distributed around the
tropics.
• Family consist of 110 genera & 640 Species.
Habit
The Cucurbits are mostly prostrate
or climbing herbaceous annuals
Vegetative characters
• Stem : Usually herbaceous, branched, hairy
that are further characterized by having
5-angled stems and coiled tendrils.
• Leaves :The leaves are alternate and usually
palmately 5-lobed or divided;
stipules are absent.
Floral Characters
Floral Characters
• Flower: Yellow or
white, actinomorphic,
pentamerous,
epigynous and always
unisexual.
• Calyx : 5 sepals forming a
tube with imbricate or
valvate aestivation.
• Corolla : 5 petals ,
sympetalous corolla.
•The Androecium is highly
variable, consisting of 5
distinct to completely connate
stamens that frequently are
twisted.
• Gynoecium :The gynoecium
consists of a single compound
pistil of 2-5 carpels, generally
with one style
An inferior ovary with one
locule and usually numerous
ovules on 2-5 parietal
placentae .
• Fruit :The fruit is a type of
berry called a pepo
Androecium
Fruit
Luffa sp.
Luffa sp.
Diagnostic Features Of Cucurbitaceae
 Flower usually unisexual
 Stamens 5
 Carpel usually 3,stigma forked
 Fruit pepo
Family Umbelliferae
Classification
Class:
Dicotyledones
Sub-Class : Polypetalae
Series :
Calciflorae
Order :
Umbellales
Family :
Umbelliferae
( Apiaceae)
Distribution
•The Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of usually aromatic
plants with hollow stems, commonly known as umbellifers.
•It includes cumin, parsley, anise, carrot, corianderl,
fennel.
caraway,
•It is a large family with about 300 genera and more
species
than 3,000
•The earlier name Umbelliferae derives from the inflorescence
being generally in the form of a compound "umbel“.
•In India it is found in the temperate & alpine Himalayas
Habit
The Umbellifers are mostly biennial or perennial herbs
Vegetative characters

Stem : The stems are often furrowed. Some part of the plant
will
usually have a strong aroma. These aromas of carrot,
parsley, coriander, parsnip, celery, fennel, dill and anise are due
primarily to various oils produced by the plant.

Leaves :The leaves are alternate,but
generraly pinnately compound.The petiole is
often swollen & sheathing at the base
Floral Characters
Inflorescence (umbel)
The compound flowers are almost always
concentrated in flat-topped umbels; the rays
of the primary umbel giving rise to a
secondary unbel with the flower-bearing
pedicels
Floral Characters
 Flower : Small, actinomorphic, bisexual,pentamerous
and epigynous
 Calyx :
Represented by 5 inconspicuous teeth at the top of
ovary.
 Corolla : 5 petals with imbricate aestivation.
 Androecial: 5 stamens,dorsifixed, dithecous,&introrse
 Gynoecium: Bicarpellary,syncarpous with inferior ovary. Axile
placentation,a stylopodium is present on the top of ovary
 Seed :The seeds and fruit form below where the petals and
stamen originate. Seeds are in tight pairs, often conspicuously ribbed,
and sometime "winged".
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
•Coriander is an annual herbin the family
Apiaceae. It is also known as Chinese
parsley or, particularly in the Americas,
cilantro.
• Coriander is native to southern Europe and
North Africa to southwestern Asia.
•It is a soft, hairless plant growing to
50 centimetres (20 in) tall.
• The leaves are variable in shape, broadly
lobed at the base of the plant, and slender
and feathery higher on the flowering stems.
•The flowers are borne in small umbels, white
or very pale pink.
The fruit is a globular dry schizocarp3–5 mm
diameter.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Diagnostic Features Of Umbelliferae
(Apiaceae)
 Stems fistular
 Leaves alternate, exstipulate, much
with sheathing leaf base
dissected
 Carpels 2,fused,with 2 style on swollen
base (stylopodium)
 Fruit schizocarpic,splitting into 2mericarps
Family Asteraceae (Compositae)
Classification
Class:
Dicotyledones
Sub-Class : Polypetalae
Series :
Calciflorae
Order :
Asterales
Family :
Asteraceae
(Compositae)
Distribution
•The Asteraceae or Compositae, also referred to as the aster,
daisy, or sunflower family,
•It is one of the largest family of flowering plants .
The family has more than 22,750 currently accepted species,
spread across 1620 genera, and 12 subfamilies.
Ex: Sunflower, Marigold, lettuce ,carrot grass
• The largest genera are Senecio (1,500 species), Vernonia(1,000
species), Cousinia (600 species) and Centaurea(600 species)
• The plants of this family are chiefly found in the Himalayas &
mountains of Southern & western India.
Habit
Plants are mostly annual or perennial herbs
Vegetative characters
Stem : Some sp. Produce stem
tuber and some has tuberous root.
The root & stems contains oil
passages
Leaves :Leaves are alternate or
whorled, simpleor pinnately or
palmately compound, exstipulate
Inflorescence (capitulum)
The most evident characteristic of Asteraceae is their inflorescence:
a specialised capitulum, but generally referred to as flower head .
The capitulum is composed of numerous individual sessile flowers
called the florets, all sharing the same receptacle.
Inflorescence
•
In the sunflower family (Asteraceae), what looks like a
single flower is actually a flower head composed of many
small flowers.
•
Each flower has sepals (modified into pappus), petals,
stamens, and a pistil.
•
In a typical member of the sunflower family, there are two
different types of flowers. The "petals" that are around
the edge of the flower head are the ray flowers. In the
center of the flower head are many disk flowers.
•
The base of the flower head is the receptacle.
•
Some plants have only disk flowers. Other plants, such as
dandelions have only ray flowers.
Floral Characters
•
. Flowers : Mostly bisexual,sometimes unisexual or
neutral,pentamerous and epigynous.
• Calyx :The calyx of the florets may be absent, but when
present it is always modified into a pappus of two or more
teeth.
•
Corolla: The florets have five petals fused at the base to
form a corolla tube. Disc florets are usually actinomorphic..
Ray florets are always highly zygomorphic and have a ligule,
a strap-shaped structure.
•
Androecium ;There are usually five stamens. The
filaments are fused to the corolla, while the anthers are
fused(syngenesious anthers).
•
Gynoecium :The pistil is made of two connate carpels.
The style has two lobes. The ovary is inferior and has only
one ovule, with basal placentation.
Helianthus Sp.
Helianthus Sp.
Ageratum sp.
Ageratum sp.
Diagnostic Features Of Compositae
(Asteraceae)
 Leaves generally alternate.
 Inflorescence Capitulum.
 Calyx reduced to hairy pappus.
 Stamens epipetalous & syngenecious
Thanks