Transcript biome book - Cobb Learning

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1. Describe the difference between the
Deciduous Forest and the Coniferous Forest
Biomes.
2. How are the TUNDRA and DESERT similar?
How are they different?
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1. Put ANSWERS INTO I-RESPOND…. (I will call
you up to do so.) Not everyone can use an
i-respond at once.
2. While we are waiting, you should be working
on the AQUATIC BIOMES WORKSHEET if needed.
It needs to be handed in when you are finished.
3. BIOME PASSPORT FILL IN– We will work as a
class to fill in any gaps in your passport books.
Please take careful notes!!
You will use the Biome books for your
upcoming Biome project! AND for the BIOME
EXAM on 10/23 & 10/24
IF YOU RUN OUT OF SPACE, PUT THE
INFORMATION IN YOUR IAN!
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Deciduous Forest
Coniferous Forest (Tiaga)
Tropical Rainforest
Savanna (Tropical Grassland)
Desert
Tundra
Marine
Freshwater
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Temperature:
Summer: 28 Deg. C (82 F)
Winter: 6 Deg. C (43 F)
Rainfall: 75-125 cm (29.5-49in)
Soil: Fertile (Allows many
different types of trees to grow)
Common Plants(Flora): Treesoak, beech, maple, elm, willow
Flowering herbs
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Plant Adaptations:
Leaves fall off the
trees in order to
conserve water
Common Herbivores:
◦ Possums, rabbits,
squirrels, raccoons, deer
◦ Common Carnivores:
 Bears, snakes,
woodpeckers
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Animal Adaptations:
◦ Some animals
hibernate in the winter
◦ Animals gather food to
store to make it
through the winter
◦ Many grow thicker
coats to keep warm in
winter and shed in
summer
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American Bald
Eagle
American Black
Bear
Duckbill Platypus
4 Seasons (summer, winter,
spring, fall)
Found in the eastern half of North
America, middle of Europe, Asia,
New Zealand and Australia
Losing land due to farms and
humans building (some areas
protected)
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Temperature: Summer:14
Deg C(57 F)
Winter: -10 Deg. C (14 F)
Rainfall: 35-75 cm (14-29.5 in)
Soil: thin, nutrient poor, and
acidic
Common Plants (Flora):
Conifer trees (have seeds,
pinecones) Pine, Fir, Spruce
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Plant Adaptations:
◦ Conifer trees have a waxy
coating to prevent them
from drying out, and
protects them from cold
winters
◦ Trees stay green all year
round– called evergreen
trees
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Common Animals:
◦ Woodpeckers, hawks,
moose, bear, weasel, lynx,
fox, deer, chipmunks, bats
◦ Animal Adaptations:
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Hibernation
Migration
Storage
Body and Color
Adaptation (thicker coats
in winter, different colors)
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Grizzly Bear
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Great Grey Owl
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Siberian Tiger
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The Coniferous Forest has cold, long, snowy
winters, and warm, humid summers; welldefined seasons, at least four to six frost-free
months.
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Temperature: Daytime: 34 Deg C (93 F) Nighttime: 20
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Rainfall: up to 400cm per year (157.5 in)
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Soil: Nutrient poor, acidic, topsoil is only 2 inches
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Deg C (68 F) (Doesn’t have distinguished seasons)
Where rainforests are located:
-Central America
-Africa
-Indo-Malaysia India
-Southeast Asia,
- New Guinea and Australia.
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Common animals:
◦ Jaguar, many tropical
birds, small
mammals, Insects
make up the largest
single group of
animals
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Animal
Adaptations:
Common Plants
(Flora):
Highly diverse
plant life, has more
kinds of trees than
any other area in the
world, Only covers
6% of the Earth’s
surface, but provides
20% of our oxygen.
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Plant Adaptations:
◦ plants shed water off
their leaves quickly
so the branches don't
get weighed down
and break
To absorb as much
sunlight as possible,
leaves are very large
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Jaguars
Orangutans
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Macaws
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Sloths
Savannas (Tropical Grasslands)
Contain the greatest number of grazing animals on Earth.
Location: Found in the tropics…near equator
Amount of precipitation supports tall grasses but only
occasional trees.
The word savanna stems from an Amerind term for plains
http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/savanna/savanna.html
Tropical Savanna
Abiotic Factors
Temperature: Dry Season- 34 Deg C (93 Degrees)
Wet Season: 16 Deg. C (61Degrees)
~Rainy and dry season
~25-150 in/yr precipitation
~Fire plays a large role in this ecosystem
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/savannah.html
Umbrella Thorn Acacia
Tropical Savanna
Plant
Adaptations
Grows in Tufts
Resistance to Drought
Many plants have thorns and
sharp leaves to protect
against predation.
Kangaroos Paws
Baobab
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/savanna_plant_page.htm
Chacma Baboon
Zebras
Tropical Savanna
Animal Adaptations
Adapt for short rainy
season—migrate as
necessary
Limited food leads to
vertical feeding
Reproduce during
rainy season—
ensures more young
survive
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/savanna_animal_page.htm
Threats to the Tropical
Savanna
Invasive species
Changes in fire management
Elephant
Because of their low elevation,
some savannas are threatened
by minor rises in sea level
associated with global climate
change
Koala
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/savanna_animal_page.htm
Location: Found in Russia
and the Ukraine
Temperature: Summer: 30
Degrees C (86F)
Winter: 0 Degrees C (32
F)
Rainfall:150 cm(59 inches)
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe.htm
Steppe Abiotic Factors
Precipitation: Less than 50
inches per year (50-90 cm)
www.wsu.edu
Soil: Deep Dark, fertile upper
layers. Nutrient rich.
Mountains often play a role
in climate
characteristics
www.plasmacy.de
Plant adaptations of the Steppe
Tumbleweed
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe_plant_page.htm
Sweet Vernal
Adaptations of Steppe Animals
Mongolian Gerbil
Saiga Antelope
Gazelle herd
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe_animal_page.htm
Threats to the Steppe
(List under description of biome)
Overgrazing…nomadic tribes have
started to spend more time in one
location,
Lynx
Infrastructure development (roads,
buildings, etc)
Unmanaged hunting and poaching is
destroying herds of animals
Corsac fox
Milk vetch
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe.h
Desert
Ecosystems
Location:
Depending
on type of
desert, you
will find
them in
various
locations.
Desert
Abiotic
factors
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Less than10
in/yr of rain
(Less than 25 cm)
SOIL:
~Shallow, rocky
or gravely
~Little to no
topsoil due to
high winds.
~Minerals not
deep in soil.
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earths
ysflr/taiga.html
Temperature:
Summer 38 Deg
C (100 F)
Winter: 7 Deg C
(45 F)
While there are many types of
deserts, they all share one
characteristic: They are the
driest places on Earth!
Barrel Cactus
Ocotollio
Desert Plant
Adaptations:
 Spines
 Succulents
 Thick, waxy
cuticle
 Shallow, broad
roots
 All adapt to
having little water
Bob Cat
Armadillo Lizard
Desert Animal
Adaptations:
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Get water from food
Thick outer coat
Burrow during day
Large ears
Smaller animals =
less surface area
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/desert_animal_page.htm
Javelina
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
Threats to the Desert
Residential development
Off road recreational
activities destroy habitat
for plants and animals.
Some plants are removed by
collectors, endangering the
population.
Sonoran Desert
Dry Desert
Barrel Cactus
Ocotollio
Desert Plant
Adaptations:
 Spines
 Succulents
 Thick, waxy
cuticle
 Shallow, broad
roots
 All adapt to
having little water
Tundra
Temperature:
Summer:12 D
Deg. C(54F)
Winter: -26 Deg.
C (-15F)
Location:
Found
north of
the Arctic
Circle
http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tundra/tundra.html
Tundra Abiotic Factors
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Rainfall: Less than 25 inches per year
Temp rarely higher than 100C
Permafrost layer
Short growing season
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/taiga.html
Reindeer lichen
Tundra Plant Adaptations
Growing close to the ground
Having shallow roots to absorb the limited
water resources.
Trees grow less than 1 m high!
cottongrass
Woody shrubs
Heaths
Examples of Tundra Plants
http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tundra/tundra
.html
snowy owl
Arctic fox
Small ears
Insulation, thick
coat
Tundra Animal
Adaptations
Other
animals:
~polar bears
~salmon
~caribou
~ falcons
~Breed and raise young
quickly in the summer, ~migration
~Few predators
Grizzly Bear
Threats to the Tundra
Tufted Saxifrage
Oil drilling
is
proposed
in Alaska
and other
One of the
most
fragile
biomes on
the planet
Polar Bear
The tundra is
slow to
recover from
damage.
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Freshwater Ecosystems
Salinity <0.5 ppt.
Lake are the deepest of fresh water systems
Lakes are fed by underground aquifer or
stream
Ponds are fed by rainfall and may be seasonal
http://mbgnet.mobot.org/fresh/
Microscopic Animals
and Algae
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Sun can reach
bottom
Fed by rainfall
May be seasonal
Algae and plants
throughout
Lakes and ponds—Abiotic Factors
Littoral
zone:
nutrient rich
area found
close to shore
www.dnr.wi.gov
Benthic
zone:
bottom of the
lake where no
sunlight can
reach.
www.uwsp.edu
Lakes and ponds:
Plants and Animals
Adaptations
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Plants are floating
algae and plants
along shoreline
Animals live in or
near water
Threats to lakes and ponds
www.aquaticbiomes.gov
All water
systems
are being
polluted
and
degraded
by human
impact
Uses:
Animal/plant
homes
Carbon “sink”
Types: Brackish and
freshwater
Water
recharge
areas,
removing
pollutants
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Very shallow with
land occasionally
exposed
Saturated soil
Low oxygen in
water and soil
Emergent plants
Heron
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
Location: Found on flat, poorly
drained land, often near streams
Bogs - sphagnum
moss is
dominant
http://mbgnet.mobot.org/fresh/wetlands/
Threats to Wetlands
www.kathimitchell.com
Previous backfilling
and clearing for
farmland or
development has
been a concern.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/bi
ome/aquatic.html
River: Plant and Animal
Adaptations
www.3d-screensaverdownloads.com
www.cs.dartmouth.edu
Will vary based
on where in
the river they
are…at the
headwaters,
organisms
need to hang
on!
Industry uses
Threats
water
to to Rivers
Dams alter the
dispose of
flow of the
waste products
water
Runoff from
homes and
other places
causes
changes in
acidity,
pollution, etc.
www.nwk.usace.army.mil
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Fresh and salt water meet
Plant and Animal Adaptations of
Estuaries
Manatee and
goose
Very productive
biome because
it receives lots
of light and
nutrients
Often used as
nursery for
young
www.lookoutnow.com & www.visualparadox.com
Threats to Estuaries
Many ports are found
on estuaries—
pollution
Human population
pers-erf.org
www.davenewbould.co.uk
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Close to equator
Consistent water temperature
Shallow water
Low in Nutrients
Animal adaptations of
the Coral Reef
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Breeding area for
many fish
http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/coral/
Threats to the Coral Reefs
Temperature is important,
too hot or too cold and
the animals can’t live
there to create limestone
Human intrusion (scuba diving)
is damaging if you
touch/step on the reef
Pollution is also a concern.
www.calacademy.org
Ocean Abiotic factors
Open ocean is one of Covers nearly
¾ of the
the least productive
Earth’s
areas on earth, too
surface.
little sunlight to
support plant
growth
http://www.worldbiomes.com/bio
mes_aquatic.htm
Ocean Plant adaptations
http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/eviau/edit557/oceans/norma/onfrm.htm
Ocean Animal Adaptations
Hammerhead
Lion fish
Zooplankton—
sea’s smallest
herbivores
Deep ocean animals
feed on detritus—
floating debris in the
water column.
http://www.kidzworld.com/site/p1951.htm
Threats to
the Oceans
While the
oceans are
vast, they
are
becoming
more
polluted
Overfishing
and some
fishing
methods are
destroying
fishing
grounds.
http://www.worldbiomes.com/biomes_aquatic.htm
Polar Ecosystems
Can be
considered
marine
ecosystems
since the base
of food chain is
phytoplankton
www.awi-bremerhaven.de
www.defenders.org
Arctic vs. Antarctic
Arctic
Antarctic
Relatively
Penguins live
shallow, lots of
here—only continent
nutrients for
not used by humans
large variety of
(exc. Research)
animals in food
web, People,
seals and polar
bears found
nmml.afsc.noaa.gov
here.
Threats to the Polar Ecosystems
Reserves of minerals
draw humans to
these fragile
ecosystems.
The main threat to
wildlife has been
the increase in
tourism—garbage
left behind
newt.phys.unsw.edu.a
u
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Oceans
Photic Zone– Portion of marine biome that is
shallow enough to penetrate sunlight
(coastlines-shore, beaches, mudflats)
Aphotic Zone– Deeper Waters that do not
receive sunlight. (Deep, least explored
oceans)
Phos- Light (Greek)
A- Without (Greek)
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Largest amounts of biomass (living materials)
though often very small
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Whales, seals, sea otters, sea cows
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Kelp, algea, sea grass
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Bay, sound, fjord, salt marshes, wetlands
Freshwater mixes with salt water (some land)
Brackish Water (more salt than freshwater;
but less than marine)
Salinity ranges
◦ Amount of freshwater vs. Saltwater
◦ Tides
◦ Biodiversity
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Eelgrass, smooth cordgrass, sea lavender
Shiner Perch, Starry Flounder Orange Striped
Jellyfish, Purple Shore Crab, Scallop
Predators– cranes and other birds
Decay of dead organisms is quick, nutrients
recycled through food web.
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Major abiotic factors: temperature and light
Not enough sunlight penetrates to bottom to
support photosynthesis
◦ Few aquatic plants or algea grow
◦ Population density lower
◦ Bacteria break down dead organisms and
recycle nutrients
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Concentric bands or clusters of species
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Cattails, sedges
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Tadpoles, aquatic insects, turtles, worms,
crayfish, beetles, dragonflies, minnows,
bluegill, carp.