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Weather Instruments Predicting the Weather o Importance o Weather changes o Storm / tornado warnings o Everyday necessity o Tools to Predict o o o o o o Thermometer Barometer Anemometer Rain gauge Weather vane Hygrometer Thermometer • Measures the temperature in degrees Celsius °C or degrees Fahrenheit °F • Galileo invented the first thermometer in the late 1600s. • Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first reliable mercury thermometer in 1714 Temperature • You will usually see temperature measured in °F for maps of the United States • Maps of foreign countries will usually be measured in °C EdHeads’ Temperature Converter Barometer • Measures atmospheric pressure in Millibars or Pounds per square inch (PSI) • A barometer can also be used by pilots as an altimeter, because as a pilot flies upward, the pointer gives the altitude above sea level. • Changes in air pressure indicate changes in weather patterns. • The first barometer was made in 1643 by Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist Anemometer • Measures wind speed in miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (kph) • In 1850, Dr. Thomas Romney Robinson invented the anemometer that used four metal cups. Rain Gauge • Measures the amount of rain in millimeters (mm) or inches (in). • Determine if your area is at risk of flooding • In 1441 droughts plagued the Chosen Dynasty and King Sejong directed every village to measure the amount of rainfall, hence the rain gauge Weather Vane • Measures wind direction by pointing towards North, East, South or West • The earliest recorded weather vane honored the Greek god Triton, and adorned the Tower of the Winds in Athens which was built by the astronomer Andronicus in 48 B.C. • The word "vane" actually comes from the Anglo-Saxon word "fane", meaning "flag". • America's first documented weather vane maker was Deacon Shem Drowne who created the famous grasshopper vane atop Boston's Faneuil Hall in 1742 Hygrometer • Measures the amount of humidity • A hygrometer actually uses human hair to tell how much humidity is in the air. – It contains blonde human hairs – As the relative humidity increases, the hairs increase in length and operate the recording mechanism. Satellites · Satellite images are used for seeing cloud patterns and movements. · For example, hurricane clouds and movement can be observed using satellite images. Radar · Radar images can be used to detect cloud cover, rainfall or storm location, intensity, and movement, as well as the potential for severe weather (for example, hurricanes or tornadoes). A front is the boundary separating air masses of different densities Fronts extend both vertically and horizontally in the atmosphere 1. • In U.S., cold fronts usually move from northwest to southeast • Air gets drier after a cold front moves through • In U.S., warm fronts usually move from southwest to northeast • Air gets more humid after a warm front moves through Stationary Front: When either a cold or warm front stops moving • When the front starts moving again it returns to either being a cold or warm front • High pressure causes air to sink • Usually results in several days of clear sunny skies • Air rises in low pressure areas and forms water droplets • Can results in rain and storms •High pressure systems usually signal more fair weather with winds circulating around the system in a clockwise direction. •Low pressure systems with counterclockwise circulating winds often result in rainy and/or stormy weather conditions. HEAVY LIFT Weather Map Pressure & Temperature Weather Symbols • Each city in Arizona has a specific weather forecast. • Use the weather symbols to label the map of Arizona. Weather Symbols • Used by meteorologists to forecast the weather • Helpful to predict weather and issue warnings, watches, or advisories • Can be seen on weather reports, television, or in newspapers • Are placed on weather maps. Arizona’s Weather o Flagstaff o Tucson o Kingman o Phoenix o Complete overcast o Wind speed is 18-22 knots o Thunderstorm o Stationary front o Stratocumulus clouds o Grand Canyon o Thin altostratus in bands o Wind speed is 1-2 knots o Cloud cover is 2/10 o Low pressure o Drizzle o Overcast with openings o Calm winds o Cumulus of fair weather o Lake Havasu City o Stratocumulus clouds o Warm Front o High pressure Grand Canyon Kingman Flagstaff • Lake Havasu City H Phoenix Answers Tucson L Arizona’s Weather Create a map of Arizona that includes 15 different weather symbols.