Transcript Weather-oceans

- How does the Ocean
Affect the Weather?
- Water, gases, and energy are
exchanged between the ocean
and atmosphere
This Exchange:
- Moderates the surface
temperatures of the ocean
- Shapes the Earth’s weather and
climate
- Generates most of the ocean’s
waves
-WEATHER is the state of the
atmosphere at a specific place
and time
- CLIMATE is the long-term (30
year) average of weather in an
area
- Both weather and climate are
affected by the ocean
- Lets see some examples of how
the ocean influences our
weather
Ocean’s effect on local weather
Ever Notice???
Our weather here is different than the
weather inland?
WINTER
41
54
50
43
52
Water is warmer
than land during
winter. The ocean
warms the cities
right along the
coast.
SUMMER
101
91
87
98
89
Water is cooler
than the land
during summer.
Now the oceans
cools the coastal
cities.
Why is there almost always a breeze at
the beach?
- The land and water heat at
different rates
- Land heats and cools faster than
the water
Afternoon Breezes are onshore
Clouds Form
Cool air sinks to fill
in the space
Afternoon Showers
Onshore Breeze
Cooler Ocean
Warmer temperatures
cause air to rise
Warmer Land
Evening Breezes are offshore
Cool air sinks to fill
in the space
Warmer temperatures
cause air to rise
Offshore Breeze
Warmer Ocean
Cooler Land
- Great masses of
warm, humid, rotating
air
- Occur in tropical
oceans
-Called “Hurricanes” in the
North Atlantic
“Typhoons” in the Western
Pacific
“Cyclones” in the Indian
Ocean
“Wili-Wilis” near Australia
- Hurricanes start out as
Tropical Depressions (Low
Pressure Zones) off the coast of
Africa or in the Caribbean
- Next, when their wind speeds
reach 40 mph they become
Tropical Storms (and they get a
name)
- They become Hurricanes once
they reach a wind speed of
74mph
Typical Hurricane Path is
around the Atlantic’s high
pressure cell
Saffir-Simpson Scale
•Category One -- Winds 74-95 miles per hour
•Category Two -- Winds 96-110 miles per hour
•Category Three -- Winds 111-130 miles per hour
•Category Four -- Winds 131-155 miles per hour
•Category Five -- Winds greater than 155 miles per hour
Most hurricanes make landfall in the Southeast U.S.
of Gulf States
Names for Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones
2002
2003
2004
Arthur
Bertha
Cristobal
Dolly
Edouard
Fay
Gustav
Hanna
Isidore
Josephine
Kyle
Lili
Marco
Nana
Omar
Paloma
Rene
Sally
Teddy
Vicky
Wilfred
Ana
Bill
Claudette
Danny
Erika
Fabian
Grace
Henri
Isabel
Juan
Kate
Larry
Mindy
Nicholas
Odette
Peter
Rose
Sam
Teresa
Victor
Wanda
Alex
Bonnie
Charley
Danielle
Earl
Frances
Gaston
Hermine
Ivan
Jeanne
Karl
Lisa
Matthew
Nicole
Otto
Paula
Richard
Shary
Tomas
Virginie
Walter
2005
Arlene
Bret
Cindy
Dennis
Emily
Franklin
Gert
Harvey
Irene
Jose
Katrina
Lee
Maria
Nate
Ophelia
Philippe
Rita
Stan
Tammy
Vince
Wilma
2006
Alberto
Beryl
Chris
Debby
Ernesto
Florence
Gordon
Helene
Isaac
Joyce
Kirk
Leslie
Michael
Nadine
Oscar
Patty
Rafael
Sandy
Tony
Valerie
William
2007
*Allison
Barry
Chantal
Dean
Erin
Felix
Gabrielle
Humberto
Iris
Jerry
Karen
Lorenzo
Michelle
Noel
Olga
Pablo
Rebekah
Sebastien
Tanya
Van
Wendy
A hurricane’s energy source is warm
seawater (>80°F)